“…This is a collaborative production process that generates new value, linking multiple factors such as service provision on the supply side and experiential consumption on the demand side (Hansen, 2019). The process of value co-creation has promoted the transformation of rural culture into product supply chains, collaboration chains, and value chains, not only laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of rural social culture, but also playing a positive role in building cultural and creative brands (Chen, Yuan, & Zhu, 2022). With the integration of rural economic space, social space, and cultural space, the generation of value creation spaces has, to some extent, been promoted, transforming rural tourism from "providing products or services for tourists" to "how tourists use products or services to achieve their goals" (Benur & Bramwell, 2015;Rahmiati, Akmaliah, Bakri, Yunita, & Grace, 2020).…”