Value of animal manures: changes in perception

Wadman, W.P.; Sluijsmans, C.M.J.; Cremer, Lidia

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3659-1_1

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A first mechanism could be that organic amendments provide other benefits than N to the crops (other nutrients or soil improvements), which has not been adjusted for in the mineral fertiliser only plots. In this case, the calculated values of NFRV cannot be solely attributed to N but include additional yield effects (Janssen 2002;Wadman et al 1987). Elimination of the limitation(s) that cause such additional yield effect (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertiliser replacement values for organic amendments appear to increase with N application rates

Hijbeek

Berge

Whitmore

et al. 2017

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Nitrogen (N) supply from organic amendments [such as farmyard manure (FYM), slurries or crop residues] to crops is commonly expressed in the amendment's Nitrogen Fertiliser Replacement Value (NFRV). Values for NFRV can be determined by comparison of crop yield or N uptake in amended plots against mineral fertiliser-only plots. NFRV is then defined as the amount of mineral fertiliser N saved when using organic amendment-N (kg/kg), while attaining the same crop yield. Factors known to affect NFRV are crop type cultivated, soil type, manuring history and method or time of application. We investigated whether long-term NFRV depends on N application rates. Using data from eight long term experiments in Europe, values of NFRV at low total N supply were compared with values of NFRV at high total N supply. Our findings show that FYM has a significant higher NFRV value at high total N supply than at low total N supply (1.12 vs. 0.53, p = 0.04). For the other amendment types investigated, NFRV was also higher at high total N supply than at low total N supply, but sample sizes were too small or variations too large to detect significant differences. Farmers in Europe usually operate at high rates of total N applied. If fertiliser supplements are based on NFRV of the manure estimated at low total N supply, N fertiliser requirements might be overestimated. This might lead to overuse of N, lower N use efficiency and larger losses of N to the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fertiliser replacement values for organic amendments appear to increase with N application rates

Hijbeek

Berge

Whitmore

et al. 2017

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…3 Source management.-N and P runoff can be greatly reduced if nutrients are applied at rates that match their uptake by crops, and if fertilizers are applied when crops are growing rapidly . Also, dietary P inputs to livestock can be matched to the animals' requirements to decrease the amounts of P excreted on to land (Wadman et al 1987, Morse et al 1992, Mahan and Howes 1995. Source management can significantly reduce concentrations of P in the runoff entering aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Agricultural P and N Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen

Carpenter¹,

Caraco²,

Correll³

et al. 1998

Ecological Applications

1,957

2,399

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Abstract. Agriculture and urban activities are major sources of phosphorus and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. Atmospheric deposition further contributes as a source of N. These nonpoint inputs of nutrients are difficult to measure and regulate because they derive from activities dispersed over wide areas of land and are variable in time due to effects of weather. In aquatic ecosystems, these nutrients cause diverse problems such as toxic algal blooms, loss of oxygen, fish kills, loss of biodiversity (including species important for commerce and recreation), loss of aquatic plant beds and coral reefs, and other problems. Nutrient enrichment seriously degrades aquatic ecosystems and impairs the use of water for drinking, industry, agriculture, recreation, and other purposes.Based on our review of the scientific literature, we are certain that (1) eutrophication is a widespread problem in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal oceans, caused by overenrichment with P and N; (2) nonpoint pollution, a major source of P and N to surface waters of the United States, results primarily from agriculture and urban activity, including industry; (3) inputs of P and N to agriculture in the form of fertilizers exceed outputs in produce in the United States and many other nations; (4) nutrient flows to aquatic ecosystems are directly related to animal stocking densities, and under high livestock densities, manure production exceeds the needs of crops to which the manure is applied; (5) excess fertilization and manure production cause a P surplus to accumulate in soil, some of which is transported to aquatic ecosystems; and (6) excess fertilization and manure production on agricultural lands create surplus N, which is mobile in many soils and often leaches to downstream aquatic ecosystems, and which can also volatilize to the atmosphere, redepositing elsewhere and eventually reaching aquatic ecosystems.If current practices continue, nonpoint pollution of surface waters is virtually certain to increase in the future. Such an outcome is not inevitable, however, because a number of technologies, land use practices, and conservation measures are capable of decreasing the flow of nonpoint P and N into surface waters.From our review of the available scientific information, we are confident that: (1) nonpoint pollution of surface waters with P and N could be reduced by reducing surplus nutrient flows in agricultural systems and processes, reducing agricultural and urban runoff by diverse methods, and reducing N emissions from fossil fuel burning; and (2) eutrophication can be reversed by decreasing input rates of P and N to aquatic ecosystems, but rates of recovery are highly variable among water bodies. Often, the eutrophic state is persistent, and recovery is slow.

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“…This phenomenon predicts a possible contamination of P of surface runoff and groundwater after continuous applications of SP to these soils. This effect was expected, especially on soils that have a low P-fixing capacity (Wadman et al, 1987).…”

Section: Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of solid phase from pig slurry on soil chemical characteristics, nitrate leaching, composition, and yield of wheat

Vasconcelos¹,

Cabral²,

Cordovil³

1997

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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A two years lysimeter experiment was carried out using wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lotti) on two texturally contrasting soils. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of increasing applications (5,10, 15,20, and 25 t·ha -1 ) of solid phase (SP) from pig slurry on soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) content, nitrate-N (NO 3 -N) leaching as well as on wheat composition and yield. As the control, a basic dressing of NPK fertilizer was applied. Results showed that plant growth was stimulated by increasing amounts of SP, yet the additions of 15 to 20 t SP ha -1 led to similar effects on yield as that for the control. An accumulation of P on both soils was observed as well as a significant increase on NO 3 -N leaching due to increasing rates of SP added to the soils. The N and P content in wheat plants (straw and grain) increased with increasing rates of applied SP.

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Value of animal manures: changes in perception

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Nitrogen fertiliser replacement values for organic amendments appear to increase with N application rates

Nitrogen fertiliser replacement values for organic amendments appear to increase with N application rates

Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen

Effects of solid phase from pig slurry on soil chemical characteristics, nitrate leaching, composition, and yield of wheat

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