Value of Antibody Determinations in Chronic Dysimmune Neuropathies

Tozza, Stefano; Spina, Emanuele; Iovino, Aniello; Iodice, Rosa; Dubbioso, Raffaele; Ruggiero, Lucia; Nolano, Maria; Manganelli, Fiore

doi:10.3390/brainsci13010037

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 113 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Serum IgM anti-ganglioside (anti-GM1) antibodies are prevalent in at least 40% of patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) [48] and, according to some reports, in more than 50-70% of patients [49,50]. Moreover, these patients commonly demonstrate a favorable response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) [51].…”

Section: The Molecular Diagnostic the Serum Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, Electrophysiological, and Ultrasonographic Differences in Selected Immune-Mediated Neuropathies with Therapeutic Implications

Dziadkowiak,

Nowakowska-Kotas,

Rałowska-Gmoch

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spectrum of immune-mediated neuropathies is broad and the different subtypes are still being researched. With the numerous subtypes of immune-mediated neuropathies, establishing the appropriate diagnosis in normal clinical practice is challenging. The treatment of these disorders is also troublesome. The authors have undertaken a literature review of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). The molecular, electrophysiological and ultrasound features of these autoimmune polyneuropathies are analyzed, highlighting the differences in diagnosis and ultimately treatment. The immune dysfunction can lead to damage to the peripheral nervous system. In practice, it is suspected that these disorders are caused by autoimmunity to proteins located in the node of Ranvier or myelin components of peripheral nerves, although disease-associated autoantibodies have not been identified for all disorders. The electrophysiological presence of conduction blocks is another important factor characterizing separate subgroups of treatment-naive motor neuropathies, including multifocal CIDP (synonyms: multifocal demyelinating neuropathy with persistent conduction block), which differs from multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMN) in both responses to treatment modalities and electrophysiological features. Ultrasound is a reliable method for diagnosing immune-mediated neuropathies, particularly when alternative diagnostic examinations yield inconclusive results. In overall terms, the management of these disorders includes immunotherapy such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange. Improvements in clinical criteria and the development of more disease-specific immunotherapies should expand the therapeutic possibilities for these debilitating diseases.

show abstract