Value of Case Studies in Disaster Assessment?

Grynszpan, Delphine; Murray, Virginia; Llosa, Silvia

doi:10.1017/s1049023x11006406

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…14 However, disaster case studies have limitations, including in terms of external validity. 14 Further, it can be difficult to aggregate or compare evidence across single-storm studies because of differences in study methodology, and in meta-analyses publication bias often results in overestimation of associations. [15][16][17] Multi-year/multi-site studies can supplement case studies by providing: (1) a more precise and less biased estimate of the typical association between exposure and health risk [16][17][18] ; (2) evidence of consistency in health associations across multiple exposures 19 ; and (3) a clearer picture of heterogeneity-as well as factors that contribute to this heterogeneity-across associations observed for different events and at different sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Single-event case studies form an important component of disaster research, as such studies engage with complexity in the event and resonate across disciplines and among non-scientists. 14 However, disaster case studies have limitations, including in terms of external validity. 14 Further, it can be difficult to aggregate or compare evidence across single-storm studies because of differences in study methodology, and in meta-analyses publication bias often results in overestimation of associations.…”

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Tropical Cyclone Exposures and Risks of Emergency Medicare Hospital Admission for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in 175 Urban United States Counties, 1999–2010

et al. 2021

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Background: Although injuries experienced during hurricanes and other tropical cyclones have been relatively well-characterized through traditional surveillance, less is known about tropical cyclones' impacts on noninjury morbidity, which can be triggered through pathways that include psychosocial stress or interruption in medical treatment. Methods: We investigated daily emergency Medicare hospitalizations (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) in 180 US counties, drawing on an existing cohort of high-population counties. We classified counties as exposed to tropical cyclones when storm-associated peak sustained winds were ≥21 m/s at the county center; secondary analyses considered other wind thresholds and hazards. We matched storm-exposed days to unexposed days by county and seasonality. We estimated change in tropical cyclone-associated hospitalizations over a storm period from 2 days before to 7 days after the storm's closest approach, compared to unexposed days, using generalized linear mixed-effect models. Results: For 1999-2010, 175 study counties had at least one tropical cyclone exposure. Cardiovascular hospitalizations decreased on the storm day, then increased following the storm, while respiratory hospitalizations were elevated throughout the storm period. Over the 10-day storm period, cardiovascular hospitalizations increased 3% (95% confidence interval = 2%, 5%) and respiratory hospitalizations increased 16% (95% confidence interval = 13%, 20%) compared to matched unexposed periods. Relative risks varied across tropical cyclone exposures, with strongest association for the most restrictive wind-based exposure metric. Conclusions: In this study, tropical cyclone exposures were associated with a short-term increase in cardiorespiratory hospitalization risk among the elderly, based on a multi-year/multi-site investigation of US Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years.

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Tropical Cyclone Exposures and Risks of Emergency Medicare Hospital Admission for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in 175 Urban United States Counties, 1999–2010

et al. 2021

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“…Following a guideline might help the inexperienced and make case studies more comparable. 45 If one were to write both a case report and fill out a template, researchers interviewed in this study suggested writing a case report to present the whole picture and then using the case report to fill out the template.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Study on Researchers’ Experiences after Publishing Scientific Reports on Major Incidents, Mass-Casualty Incidents, and Disasters

Svensøy

Nilsson

Rimstad

2021

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Introduction and Objective: Scientific reporting on major incidents, mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), and disasters is challenging and made difficult by the nature of the medical response. Many obstacles might explain why there are few and primarily non-heterogenous published articles available. This study examines the process of scientific reporting through first-hand experiences from authors of published reports. It aims to identify learning points and challenges that are important to address to mitigate and improve scientific reporting after major incidents. Methods: This was a qualitative study design using semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected based on a comprehensive literature search. Ten researchers, who had published reports on major incidents, MCIs, or disasters from 2013-2018 were included, of both genders, from eight countries on three continents. The researchers reported on large fires, terrorist attacks, shootings, complex road accidents, transportation accidents, and earthquakes. Results: The interview was themed around initiation, workload, data collection, guidelines/templates, and motivation factors for reporting. The most challenging aspects of the reporting process proved to be a lack of dedicated time, difficulties concerning data collection, and structuring the report. Most researchers had no prior experience in reporting on major incidents. Guidelines and templates were often chosen based on how easily accessible and user-friendly they were. Conclusion and Relevance: There are few articles presenting first-hand experience from the process of scientific reporting on major incidents, MCIs, and disasters. This study presents motivation factors, challenges during reporting, and factors that affected the researchers’ choice of reporting tools such as guidelines and templates. This study shows that the structural tools available for gathering data and writing scientific reports need to be more widely promoted to improve systematic reporting in Emergency and Disaster Medicine. Through gathering, comparing, and analyzing data, knowledge can be acquired to strengthen and improve responses to future major incidents. This study indicates that transparency and willingness to share information are requisite for forming a successful scientific report.

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“…According to Glogowska (2011), qualitative method is used to study and examine phenomenon in a non-objective way because of similar elements from the researcher's attitude, belief and values. For this study, a descriptive case research design will be used to understand certain cases under observation (Grynszpan, Murray & Llosa, 2011). In this study, understanding the case study will be conducted through classroom observation: classroom observations will be conducted with all the three participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mentoring: Improving the Teaching Skills in Playing Recorder among Non-option Music Education Teachers in Kanowit District

Janting¹,

Rahim²

2020

IJARPED

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This qualitative research is aimed at guiding three non-option Music Education teachers, known as mentees, in the teaching and learning of playing recorder for Year Six from three selected schools in Kanowit district, a district in Sarawak, one of the states in Malaysia. The mentoring method will be used in helping the selected teachers and it will be validated by an experienced lecturer before it is used in guiding the three mentees. An expert of recorder player will be appointed to draft the teaching and learning that would be conducted. The data will be collected through three research instruments: classroom observation, interview protocol and document analysis. The data collected will be analysed, coded and themed, and transcribed into writing. Each transcription will be validated by the participants before they are used in the research. It is hoped that the procedures which will be developed and the mentoring method which will be implemented can be an example to assist the three non-option teachers selected in developing knowledge and skills to conduct their teaching and learning of playing recorder in particular, Kanowit district, Sarawak.

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Value of Case Studies in Disaster Assessment?

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Tropical Cyclone Exposures and Risks of Emergency Medicare Hospital Admission for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in 175 Urban United States Counties, 1999–2010

Tropical Cyclone Exposures and Risks of Emergency Medicare Hospital Admission for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in 175 Urban United States Counties, 1999–2010

A Qualitative Study on Researchers’ Experiences after Publishing Scientific Reports on Major Incidents, Mass-Casualty Incidents, and Disasters

Mentoring: Improving the Teaching Skills in Playing Recorder among Non-option Music Education Teachers in Kanowit District

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