Value of Fleet Vehicle to Grid in Providing Transmission System Operator Services

O’Malley, Cormac; Aunedi, Marko; Teng, Fei; Štrbac, Goran

doi:10.1109/ever48776.2020.9242990

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In a future low-inertia system, frequency response will become increasingly important. Ancillary service provision from EVs could reduce system costs in a future GB electricity grid by up to £12,000 a year and reduce CO 2 emissions by 60 tonnes per year [23]. The authors in [24] designed a central controller for an EV taxi fleet that does include scheduling charging and discharging for ancillary service provision.…”

Section: Existing Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Optimal Trip and Charging Scheduling of Commercial Electric Vehicle Fleets with Vehicle-to-Grid in Future Low Inertia Systems

Blatiak,

Bellizio,

Badesa

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The electrification of transport is seen as an important step in the global decarbonisation agenda. With such a large expected load on the power system from electric vehicles (EVs), it is important to coordinate charging in order to balance the supply and demand for electricity. Bidirectional charging, enabled through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, will unlock significant storage capacity from stationary EVs that are plugged in. To take this concept a step further, this paper quantifies the potential revenues to be gained by a commercial EV fleet operator from simultaneously scheduling its trips on a day-ahead basis, as well as its charging. This allows the fleet to complete its trips (with user defined trip length and distance), while taking advantage of fluctuating energy and ancillary services prices. A mathematical framework for optimal trip scheduling is proposed, formulated as a mixed-integer linear program, and is applied to several relevant scenarios of the present and future British electricity system. It is demonstrated that an optimal journey start time can increase the revenue of commercial fleets by up to 38% in summer and 12% in winter. This means a single EV from the maintenance fleet can make additional annual revenue of up to £729. Flexible trip schedules are more valuable in the summer because keeping EVs plugged in during peak solar output will benefit the grid and the fleet operators the most. It was also found that a fleet of 5,000 EVs would result in the equivalent CO 2 of removing one Combined Cycle Gas Turbine from the system. This significant increase in revenue and carbon savings show this approach is worth investigating for potential future application.

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Section: Existing Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Optimal Trip and Charging Scheduling of Commercial Electric Vehicle Fleets with Vehicle-to-Grid in Future Low Inertia Systems

Blatiak,

Bellizio,

Badesa

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Large numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) will be present in future systems, with more than 23 million expected on the road in the UK by 2030 [3]. When paired with vehicle to grid (V2G) chargers, their smart control offers an abundant and valuable [4] source of FR. The small size and distributed nature of V2G chargers necessitate they be aggregated together into fleets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are steady state services with slower delivery times that are unaffected by low inertia levels and thus transient dynamics do not need to be considered. However, some deterministic methods for scheduling FR do already exist [4] [5] [6] [7]. Reference [5] calculates the profit of FR from individual V2G-connected EVs by calculating the optimal charging schedule in relation to historical FR (delivery within 10s) prices and real EV connection data in Great Britain (GB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method in [6] co-optimises an aggregators participation in the day-ahead energy market and the FR market. The only frameworks that unlock the maximum value of FR from EVs by considering fast FR (delivery within 1s) are presented in [4] and [7]. Reference [7] optimises a commercial fleet's trip times to maximise FR revenue, whilst [4] optimises fleet operation to increase renewable integration in low inertia systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only frameworks that unlock the maximum value of FR from EVs by considering fast FR (delivery within 1s) are presented in [4] and [7]. Reference [7] optimises a commercial fleet's trip times to maximise FR revenue, whilst [4] optimises fleet operation to increase renewable integration in low inertia systems. The paper demonstrates that FR from bidirectional chargers is up to 20 times more valuable than unidirectional chargers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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