Value of Potassium in Local Anesthetic Solutions of Procaine With Epinephrine

Tainter, M. L.; Throndson, A.H.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1940.0036

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Certain cations incorporated in solutions of local anesthetics enhance their effects. 26 Potassium ion enhances the effect of procaine injected perineurally. 26 The magnesium ion causes a blockade when injected perineurally and intrathecally.…”

Section: Potentiating Effect Of Nonanesthetic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The comparative potency and effectiveness of topical anesthetics in man

Adriani

Zepernick

Arens

et al. 1964

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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Comparative data concerning the effects of topical anesthetics in man are not available. A technique with the use of electrical stimulation which permitted such a study was developed by the authors. The tip of the tongue is the most sensitive area in the body to this type of stimulation. Over 40 drugs with topical activity were studied with the tip of the tongue as the test site. The most potent and effective compounds are tetracaine, cocaine, dibucaine, lidocaine, and dyclonine. With the exception of dyclonine, these are toxic systemically if used in excess. The addition of vasoconstrictors, detergents, demulcents, cations, hyaluronidase, and other often suggested potentiating agents, does extend the period of activity. Need for a controlled studyNo wholly satisfactory technique has been available for studying topical anesthesia in man. Therefore, clinically significant data of a comparative nature are sparse. The efficacy of topical anesthetics is usually established by observing their ability to suppress the corneal or laryngeal reflexes. 6 , 8 The effects on the laryngeal reflex have been used as a basis for study in man. However, this technique has drawbacks because the responsiveness is variable and the reflex is obtunded after repeated stimulation. The need for a better method of study was obvious. After a num-

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Section: Potentiating Effect Of Nonanesthetic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Potassium ion enhances the effect of procaine injected perineurally. 26 The magnesium ion causes a blockade when injected perineurally and intrathecally. 2 The ammonium ion has been used to enhance anesthesia in therapeutic nerve blocking.…”

Section: Potentiating Effect Of Nonanesthetic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative potency and effectiveness of topical anesthetics in man

Adriani

Zepernick

Arens

et al. 1964

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sample size was calculated using the formula, n = 2 (Za + Zb) 2 [s] 2 /d 2 , where Za is the z variate of alpha error i.e. a constant with value 1.96, Zb having a value of 0.84, considering the mean and standard deviation from the literature, that concluded approximately 40 subjects per group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potassium salts have been shown to possess local anesthetic potency which is almost similar to that of procaine, when tested under experimental conditions [2]. It has been stated that, toxicity of LA can be reduced by adding potassium salts, since, the amount of LA required to produce a desired degree of anesthesia is reduced [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not many studies have reported the use of KCL as an additive with lignocaine for anesthesia in the maxillofacial region. Tainter et al [2] studied and compared the effects of adding potassium sulphate and sodium chloride to 2 per cent procaine hydrochloride with 1:50,000 epinephrine. Sidon et al [7] studied mandibular nerve blocks as well as supra periosteal injection techniques in surgical patients as well as volunteers [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1.5% potassium chloride versus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline bitartrate versus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride as local anaesthetic for adult patients undergoing surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomized controlled clinical study

Kalra

Gupte²,

Dcruz³

et al. 2021

J Oral Med Oral Surg

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Background and objective: Administration of some additives with local anesthetics can prolong pain free period post-operatively, thereby reducing need for post-operative analgesics and improving patient comfort. Potassium chloride was found to increase duration and quality of anesthesia in various studies on brachial plexus blockade. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effect of 2% lignocaine with 1.5% potassium chloride, 2% lignocaine with adrenaline and 2% lignocaine (plain) in pterygomandibular nerve blocks. Materials and methods: A triple blind randomized controlled study was conducted on 120 adults, aged 18–45 years in ASA-I category, requiring surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. The subjects were divided equally into 3 groups randomly by computer generated sequence; Group 1: 2% lignocaine plus 1.5% solution of potassium chloride, group 2: 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline and group 3: 2% plain lignocaine. Onset, duration, depth (pain) of anesthesia, patient satisfaction, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and oxygen saturation, were evaluated and compared. Results: Onset was shortest for group1 and longest for grp3, statistically highly significant difference between the 3 groups (p < 0.01). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in duration of surgery, duration of analgesia and VAS scores between groups 1 & 3. Duration and depth of anesthesia were comparable for groups 1 & 2. There was no statistically significant difference seen for total amount of dose used, SBP, DBP, HR and SpO2 between the 3 groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Potassium chloride, a physiological salt is inert and causes no local/systemic adverse effects when injected with lignocaine in physiologically permissible amounts. The combination achieves satisfactory onset, duration, depth of anesthesia without altering hemodynamic variables. Hence, it may be considered as a safe and effective additive.

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A clinical evaluation of local anesthetic solutions of increased strength

Winter

Tainter

1945

American Journal of Orthodontics and Oral Surgery

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Value of Potassium in Local Anesthetic Solutions of Procaine With Epinephrine

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

The comparative potency and effectiveness of topical anesthetics in man

The comparative potency and effectiveness of topical anesthetics in man

A clinical evaluation of local anesthetic solutions of increased strength

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