Value-Related Effects on Psychiatric Judgment

Schwartz, Joseph

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760300063004

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…When clinicians made ratings of severity of mental disturbance or level of adjustment, the effect of race was generally not statistically significant (Amira, Abramowitz, & Gomes‐Schwartz, 1977; Bamgbose et al, 1980; Benefee, Abramowitz, Weitz, & Armstrong, 1976; Bloch, Weitz, & Abramowitz, 1980; Franklin, 1985; McLaughlin & Balch, 1980; Schwartz & Abramowitz, 1975; Seligman, 1968; Strickland et al, 1988; Umbenhauer & DeWitte, 1978; also see Merluzzi & Merluzzi, 1978). In all of these studies, clinicians either read case histories or watched videotapes of interviews.…”

Section: Race Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of race bias depends, at least in part, on the symptomatology of the patients. For example, the effect of race was not significant when psychiatrists read the case history of a nonpsychotic client described as being depressed, perfec‐tionistic, and having somatic complaints and sexual conflicts (Schwartz & Abramowitz, 1975). Race bias has been reported in several studies when patients have had psychotic symptoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Race bias, social class bias, and gender bias in clinical judgment.

Garb¹

1997

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

200

140

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Studies on race bias, social class bias, and gender bias are reviewed. Topics include psychodiagnosis and rating level of adjustment, the description of personality traits and psychiatric symptoms, the prediction of behavior, and treatment planning. Replicated findings indude race bias in the dffarential diagnosis of schizophrenia and psychotic afkctive disorders, gender bias in the dfhrential diagnosis of histrionic and antisocial personality disorders, race bias and gender bias in the prediction of violence, and social class bias in the referral of dients to psychotherapy. Recommendations for decreasing bias include (a) being aware of when biases are likely to occur, (b) adhering to diagnostic criteria, and (c) using statistical prediction rules to predict behavior. Key wods: cognitive biases, judgment, personality assessment, prediction, psychodiagnosis. f a i n Psycho1 Sci Prac 4:99-120, 19971Misconceptions exist about research on race bias, social class bias, and gender bias. For example, according to a recent article in The A P A Monitor (Sleek, 1996), Practitioners tend to judge lower-class patients as more seriously disturbed than higher-class patients. They detect schizophrenia in black people more than in whites. And they offen judge women patients as more disturbed than male patients presenting identical problems. @. 30)

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Section: Race Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Race bias, social class bias, and gender bias in clinical judgment.

Garb¹

1997

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

200

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The finding of racial effects on case disposition itself is especially provocative because it reinforces the only available analogue data (Schwartz & Abramowitz, 1975), as well as naturalistic evidence consistent with such an interpretation (Gross et al, 1969;Yamamoto et al, 1967). Despite their relatively unfavorable assessment of the white-identified patient's level of functioning, the untraditional clinicians recommended slightly shorter-term therapy for him than for the black-identified patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Experience grants no greater immunity from racial effects to black than to white practitioners (Abramowitz & Dokecki, Note 1; Schwartz & Abramowitz, 1975). The impact of patient racial attribution was not attenuated within the more highly experienced subsample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of patient racial attribution on black clinicians' inferences

Benefee

Abramowitz

Weitz

et al. 1976

American J of Comm Psychol

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This study was done to determine the impact of patient racial attribution on black practitioners' clinical judgments. Fifty-five professionals indicated their clinical reactions to a bogus case description of a sexually maladjusted male patient identified as black or white and also completed a traditional social beliefs scale. Relatively untraditional clinicians evaluated the black-designated patient more favorably than the white-designated patient. The less traditional practitioners also evaluated the black-designated patient more favorably than did the traditional clinicians. Effects of patient race were found for both clinical impressions and treatment decisions and were not attenuated in the more highly experienced subsample. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.

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“…Flaskemd (1986), for example, argued that racial matching results in lower dropout rates, and Grfith and Jones (1978) noted that white-therapist/black-client interactions are frequently ineffective. Overall, however, the available evidence does not support the contention that race matching results in better treatment (see, for example, Abramowitz & Dokecki, 1977; Davis & Proctor, 1989;Schwartz & Abramowitz, 1975;Sue, 1988). Therefore, any programmatic effort to match clients and workers by race does not appear to be founded on research evidence.…”

Section: Racial Matchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worker Perceptions of Effectiveness and Minority-Relevant Education as a Function of Worker and Client Ethnicity

Jayaratne

Gant

Brabson

et al. 1992

Journal of Teaching in Social Work

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This study explores the relationship between perceived effectiveness of services delivered to minority clients, and the usefulness of education in the delivery of services, as reported by two national samples of social workers. This relationship was exarnined by using a national sample of minority social workers and a national sample of caucasian social workers, randomly selected from the Membership Directory of the National Association of Social Workers.The results indicate a stronger correlation between effectiveness and educational adequacy for the caucasian sample compared to the minority sample. In addition, the strength of the correlations change over the years. The data also suggest that the proportion of minority

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Value-Related Effects on Psychiatric Judgment

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Race bias, social class bias, and gender bias in clinical judgment.

Race bias, social class bias, and gender bias in clinical judgment.

Effects of patient racial attribution on black clinicians' inferences

Worker Perceptions of Effectiveness and Minority-Relevant Education as a Function of Worker and Client Ethnicity

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