Value Systems and Trade Cycles of the Late Archaic in the Midwest

Winters, Howard D.

doi:10.4324/9781315082165-14

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Raw shell was imported into the midcontinental United States as early as the Middle Archaic period (ca. 8,900–5,700 cal BP; Bissett, 2014; Dowd, 1989; Goad, 1979; Hofman, 1986; Lewis and Kneberg, 1959; Marquardt, 1985; Watson, 2005, Winters, 1968), with substantial increases in its use for a variety of ornaments among the Woodland-period Adena (2,950–2,150 cal BP) and Hopewell (2,150–1,550 cal BP) cultures (Carr et al., 2005; Goad, 1979; Johnson, 1994; Ottesen, 1979; Ritchie and Dragoo, 1959; Webb and Snow, 1974). However, the peak of marine shell import and exchange in the Southeast is associated with the late prehistoric Mississippian cultural expression (1,050–450 cal BP), when objects such as carved gorgets, engraved cups, beads of a wide variety of sizes and shapes, pins, and pendants were produced and exchanged across sometimes vast distances (Galloway, 1989; King, 2007; Phillips and Brown, 1978; Phillips and Brown, 1984; Sharp, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable x-ray fluorescence in sourcing prehistoric whelk shell artifacts

Bissett

Claassen

2016

North American Archaeologist

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Portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to chemically source Busycon shell items from three eastern Tennessee Mississippian period sites. Discriminant function analysis of portable x-ray fluorescence data from control shells from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts indicated variation in strontium levels in Busycon provides a statistically significant predictor of shells' origins, correctly classifying 86.5% of controls to their coasts of origin. Application of the discriminant function to shell items from Mississippian sites in northeastern and southeastern Tennessee indicated significant differences by region in proportions of artifacts classified as deriving from Atlantic or Gulf coast shell. More than 60% of items from southeastern Tennessee exhibited strontium levels similar to Gulf coast control shells; less than 50% of northeastern Tennessee items were classified as deriving from the Gulf. Variation in ratios of Gulf-to Atlantic-sourced shell artifacts by region is consistent with past predictions that late prehistoric inhabitants of southeastern and northeastern Tennessee participated in different long-distance exchange networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable x-ray fluorescence in sourcing prehistoric whelk shell artifacts

Bissett

Claassen

2016

North American Archaeologist

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Marxist and Structural Marxist Perspectives of Hunter-Gatherers

2015

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Atlatl use equalizes female and male projectile weapon velocity

Bebber

Buchanan

Eren

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The atlatl is a handheld, rod-shaped device that employs leverage to launch a dart, and represents a major human technological innovation. One hypothesis for forager atlatl adoption over its presumed predecessor, the thrown javelin, is that a diverse array of people could achieve equal performance results, thereby facilitating inclusive participation of more people in hunting activities. We tested this hypothesis via a systematic assessment of 2160 weapon launch events by 108 people who used both technologies. Our results show that, unlike the javelin, the atlatl equalizes the velocity of female- and male-launched projectiles. This result indicates that a javelin to atlatl transition would have promoted a unification, rather than division, of labor. Moreover, our results suggest that female and male interments with atlatl weaponry should be interpreted similarly.

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Value Systems and Trade Cycles of the Late Archaic in the Midwest

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Portable x-ray fluorescence in sourcing prehistoric whelk shell artifacts

Portable x-ray fluorescence in sourcing prehistoric whelk shell artifacts

Marxist and Structural Marxist Perspectives of Hunter-Gatherers

Atlatl use equalizes female and male projectile weapon velocity

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