Value tradeoffs propel and inhibit behavior: Validating the 19 refined values in four countries

Abstract

We assess the predictive and discriminant validity of the basic values in the refined Schwartz value theory by examining how value tradeoffs predict behavior in Italy, Poland, Russia, and the USA. One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven respondents reported their values and rated their own and a partner's behavior. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported the distinctiveness of the 19 values and the 19 self-rated and other-rated behaviors. Multidimensional scaling analyses supported the circular motivational order of the 19 values. Findings affirmed the theorizing that behavior depends upon tradeoffs between values that propel and values that inhibit it. Across four countries, value importance, behavior frequency, and gender failed to moderate the strength of value-behavior relations. This raises the question of the conditions under which the widely cited assumption that normative pressure weakens value-behavior relations holds

Traits and values as predictors of the frequency of everyday behavior: Comparison between models and levels

“…Second, in our analyses we included both descriptive and motivational personality variables, that is traits and values, respectively. Recently, there has been a call for comparing these two as predictors of behavior (Pozzebon and Ashton 2009;Roccas et al 2002;Schwartz et al 2017). We expected similar strength of correlations between the frequency of everyday behavior and personality traits and between the frequency of everyday behavior and personal values.…”

“…For instance, someone can be called arrogant if she or he manifests more arrogant acts than other people over a delimited period of observation. This approach has been adapted to research on personal values-sets of behaviors expressing particular values have been used as criteria for them (e.g., BWatch thrillers^as an expression of Stimulation; Bardi and Schwartz 2003;Schwartz et al 2017). A limitation of this approach is that a pool of behaviors explained by personality traits or values is restricted by the range of meaning of these constructs.…”

“…The four higher-order values are organized along two bipolar dimensions: Openness to Change vs. Conservation and Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement. The relationship between values and behavior has been studied separately on higher-order values (e.g., Daniel et al 2015;Seppälä et al 2012), on the pool of 10 basic values distinguished by Schwartz (1992) in the previous version of the theory (e.g., Bardi and Schwartz 2003;Lönnqvist et al 2013) and on the pool of 19 values from the refined theory (Schwartz and Butenko 2014;Schwartz et al 2017). There have been no studies comparing values from different levels as predictors of a range of everyday behaviors.…”

Three‐year cross‐lagged relationships among adolescents’ antisocial behavior, personal values, and judgment of wrongness

“…The circumplex model can be represented by four higher‐order values that form two orthogonal dimensions: (a) the dimension that opposes self‐enhancement (power and achievement) to self‐transcendence (universalism and benevolence) expresses the conflict between the pursuit of personal interests and the commitment to the welfare of others; (b) the dimension that opposes conservation (tradition, conformity, and security) to openness to change (stimulation and self‐direction) expresses the conflict between openness to new experiences and independence of thought, feeling, and action on the one hand, and self‐restraint, resistance to change, preservation of traditional practices and preference for order, stability and protection on the other hand. The value of hedonism shares elements of self‐enhancement and openness to change, but is closer to the latter (e.g., Cieciuch, Davidov, Vecchione, & Schwartz, ; Schwartz et al, ; Vecchione et al, ; Vecchione, Schwartz, et al, ).…”

Analysis of the System-Network Approach for Research of Value-Semantic Orientation and Creativity

“…The last researches of Sh. Schwartz were devoted to the verification of hypothesis about depending of behavior on compromises of values, that initiated this behavior, and values that oppose this behavior [11]. 1857 respondents in Italy, Poland, Russia and the United States reported on their values and assessed their behavior and the behavior of their partner.…”