Values and personality

Abstract

Personality and differential psychology have paid little attention to values research. Consequently, the constructs used in these subdisciplines have developed independently, and evidence regarding the relations of personality to values is minimal. This study seeks to advance our understanding of these relations and to arrive at a theoretical integration of constructs. Starting from recent developments in values theory (Schwartz, 1992; Schwartz and Bilsky, 1987, 1990) and drawing on Maslow's (1955) distinction between ‘deficiency’ and ‘growth’ needs, we elaborate theoretical links between personality and values with special emphasis on structural relations. A set of hypotheses regarding these relations is generated and tested next, using data from a study with 331 German students. These students completed both the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) and the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI), measuring ten primary and two secondary personality variables, namely extraversion and emotionality. Joint Similarity Structure Analyses (SSAs) of values and personality variables were conducted. The findings reveal both meaningful and systematic associations of value priorities with personality variables, confirming the hypothesized structural relationships. The compatibility of our hypotheses with the complex findings of George (1954) using totally different indexes of both values (Allport–Vernon Study of Values) and personality (drawn from Eysenck and Guilford) further supports the theoretical connections proposed in this study.

Personal values, social capital, and higher education student career decidedness: a new ‘protean’-informed model

“…Personal values are thus a useful starting point for investigating the selfregulatory cognitive mechanisms through which HE student career decision-making commitments are made and intended personal goals realized (Bilsky and Schwartz 1994;Watchravesringkan et al 2013). Self-actualization personal values (e.g.…”

A Latent Class Analysis of Personal Values in Young Adults

“…Associations between personal values and personality traits have been robustly documented in the literature (Bilsky & Schwartz, 1994;Fischer & Boer, 2014;Olver & Mooradian, 2003;Parks, 2007;Parks-Leduc, Feldman, & Bardi, 2015;Roccas et al, 2002;Vecchione, Alessandri, Barbaranelli & Caprara, 2011;Yik & Tang, 1996). Previous research has provided evidence that the strength of associations between values and personality varies as a function whether the traits are more cognitively based (with cognitive traits having a stronger association with values) and the amount of content overlap with between the values and traits (Parks-Leduc et al, 2015).…”

“…There are important theoretical distinctions between these constructs, with personality traits being conceptualized as more internal and stable, and values being conceptualized as more environmentally influenced and susceptible to change (Olver & Moordian, 2003;Rokeach, 1972). Furthermore, personality traits are associated with values in meaningful ways, and these patterns of association have been replicated across samples (Bilsky & Schwartz, 1994;Fischer & Boer, 2014;Olver & Mooradian, 2003;Parks, 2007;Roccas et al, 2002;Vecchione et al, 2011;Yik & Tang, 1996). For example, strong associations are often demonstrated between A and benevolence, O and stimulation, E and hedonism, and C and achievement (Parks & Guay, 2009).…”

“…In addition, personal values often conflict with each other, so that an individual often has to prioritize one value over another, whereas personality traits can be expressed simultaneously. Both personal values and personality provide meaningful information that can be used to help explain individual differences in behavior (Bilsky & Schwartz, 1994;Parks & Guay, 2009). Examining personality associations among the emergent value types will provide additional meaningful information that further distinguish the value types.…”

Bienestar, Valores y Clima Emocional en Personas Expuestas a Procesos de Violencia Política en Ayacucho, Perú

“…En la misma línea, Sagiv y Schwartz (2000) plantean que este tipo de valores reflejarían crecimiento psicológico y auto-actualización. Valores de este tipo, junto con la preocupación por el endogrupo, la estimulación y el logro, son denominados como valores que representarían necesidades de crecimiento (Bilsky & Schwartz, 1994). La relación entre los valores suprapersonales y las dimensiones cognitiva y afectiva del SWB resultan sustanciales, puesto que resultados usando otros modelos (Schwartz et al, 2012) no reflejan este tipo de asociación en sus dimensiones símiles, por lo que la orientación central del modelo teórico planteado (Gouveia et al, 2010;Gouveia et al, 2014a) cobraría importancia, en tanto articula dos orientaciones extremas y se establece -en el presente estudio-como el principal predictor de distintas medidas de bienestar y de afectividad colectiva.…”