Valve‐Enabled Sample Preparation and RNA Amplification in a Coffee Mug for Zika Virus Detection

Abstract

The recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection represent ap ublic health challenge.R apid, cost-effective,a nd reliable diagnostic tools for ZIKV detection at the point of care (POC) are highly desirable,e specially for resource-limited nations.T oaddress the need, we have developed an integrated device to achieve sample-to-answer ZIKV detection. The device features innovative ball-based valves enabling the storage and sequential delivery of reagents for virus lysis and apaper-based unit for RNAenrichmentand purification. The paper unit is placed in ac ommercially available coffee mug that provides ac onstant temperature for reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), followed by colorimetric detection by naked eye or ac ellphone camera. Using the device,w ed emonstrated the reproducible detection of ZIKV in human urine and saliva samples.Supportinginformation and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

Advances in point-of-care nucleic acid extraction technologies for rapid diagnosis of human and plant diseases

“…Several miniaturized systems using saliva as a diagnostic fluid have been developed ( Chen et al, 2010 ; Wand et al, 2018 ; H. Yang et al, 2018 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ). These integrated systems utilized SPE ( Chen et al, 2010 , 2013 ; H. Yang et al, 2018 ), paper-based extraction ( Jiang et al, 2018 ; Seok et al, 2019 ; R. Tang et al, 2017a ), or pH-responsive polymer-based extraction ( Zhu et al, 2020 ) for rapid sample preparation from saliva (also see Table 2 ).…”

“…(e) Paper-based Zika virus RNA extraction device (top), and operating mechanism of the ball valve used in the device (bottom) (reproduced with permission from Ref. ( Jiang et al, 2018 ), © Willey Online Library 2018). (f) Schematic illustration of a Zika virus detection chip embedded with chitosan-modified capillaries to capture viral RNA from saliva (reproduced with permission from Ref.…”

Novel nucleic acid detection strategies based on CRISPR‐Cas systems: From construction to application

“…ZIKV is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae and is transmitted to humans mostly by mosquitoes (Faria & Zucolotto, 2019; Santiago et al, 2018). It arrived in the Americas in 2014 and then spread into 48 countries and territories, affecting over two million humans (X. Jiang, Loeb, Manzanas, Lednicky, & Fan, 2018; Santiago et al, 2018). ZIKV infections have been associated with severe neurologic disease, including congenital abnormalities in neonates and Guillain Barré syndrome in adults (X. Jiang et al, 2018; Mysorekar & S. Diamond, 2016; Santiago et al, 2018).…”

“…It arrived in the Americas in 2014 and then spread into 48 countries and territories, affecting over two million humans (X. Jiang, Loeb, Manzanas, Lednicky, & Fan, 2018; Santiago et al, 2018). ZIKV infections have been associated with severe neurologic disease, including congenital abnormalities in neonates and Guillain Barré syndrome in adults (X. Jiang et al, 2018; Mysorekar & S. Diamond, 2016; Santiago et al, 2018). However, detecting ZIKV is considerably challenging due to its low viral titers and transient infection, as well as the similar clinical symptoms of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections (Myhrvold et al, 2018; Santiago et al, 2018).…”

Versatile printed microheaters to enable low-power thermal control in paper diagnostics

“…Advances in microfluidics and electronics have contributed promising devices to attempt to achieve precise, low-power, and sustained heating necessary to implement rapid diagnostic tests at the point-of-care (POC). To date, researchers have used hotplates, 6 custom printed circuit boards (PCBs), 7 coffee mugs, 8 exothermic chemically heated chips and cups, [9][10][11] thinfilm polyimide heaters, 12,13 and traditional incubation ovens 3 as a heat source for POC devices with varying degrees of success. 13,14 Standard laboratory-grade incubation ovens are accurate and can incubate large volumes of samples at one time, however even a 'mini' six liter incubator requires 80 watts of consistent power that can only be obtained from a modern electrical grid or a generator.…”