Vanadium-based nanostructure materials for secondary lithium battery applications

Abstract

Vanadium-based materials, such as V2O5, LiV3O8, VO2(B) and Li3V2(PO4)3 are compounds that share the characteristic of intercalation chemistry. Their layered or open frameworks allow facile ion movement through the interspaces, making them promising cathodes for LIB applications. To bypass bottlenecks occurring in the electrochemical performances of vanadium-based cathodes that derive from their intrinsic low electrical conductivity and ion diffusion coefficients, nano-engineering strategies have been implemented to "create" newly emerging properties that are unattainable at the bulk solid level. Integrating this concept into vanadiumbased cathodes represents a promising way to circumvent the aforementioned problems as nanostructuring offers potential improvements in electrochemical performances by providing shorter mass transport distances, higher electrode/electrolyte contact interfaces, and better accommodation of strain upon lithium uptake/ release. The significance of nanoscopic architectures has been exemplified in the literature, showing that the idea of developing vanadium-based nanostructures is an exciting prospect to be explored. In this review, we will be casting light on the recent advances in the synthesis of nanostructured vanadium-based cathodes. Furthermore, efficient strategies such as hybridization with foreign matrices and elemental doping are introduced as a possible way to boost their electrochemical performances (e.g., rate capability, cycling stability) to a higher level. Finally, some suggestions relating to the perspectives for the future developments of vanadium-based cathodes are made to provide insight into their commercialization. through the interspaces, making them promising cathodes for LIB applications. To bypass bottlenecks occurring in the electrochemical performances of vanadium-based cathodes that derive from their intrinsic low electrical conductivity and ion diffusion coefficients, nano-engineering strategies have been implemented to "create" newly emerging properties that are unattainable at the bulk solid level. Integrating this concept into vanadium-based cathodes represents a promising way to circumvent the aforementioned problems as nanostructuring offers potential improvements in electrochemical performances by providing shorter mass transport distances, higher electrode/electrolyte contact interfaces, and better accommodation of strain upon lithium uptake/release. The significance of nanoscopic architectures has been exemplified in the literature, showing that the idea of developing vanadium-based nanostructures is an exciting prospect to be explored. In this review, we will be casting light on the recent advances in the synthesis of nanostructured vanadium-based cathodes. Furthermore, efficient strategies such as hybridization with foreign matrices and elemental doping are introduced as a possible way to boost their electrochemical performances (e.g., rate capability, cycling stability) to a higher level. Finally, some suggestions relating to the perspective...

Porous V2O5/RGO/CNT hierarchical architecture as a cathode material: Emphasis on the contribution of surface lithium storage

“…As show in Fig. 6f, “W” shape curves of both samples are indicative of the characteristics of Li + intercalation-host materials53. The calculated diffusion coefficients of 3D V 2 O 5 /RGO/CNT are higher than those of 2D V 2 O 5 /RGO on the whole process, implying a favorable Li + diffusivity in the ternary composite.…”

Highly conductive cathode materials for Li-ion batteries prepared by thermal nanocrystallization of selected oxide glasses

“…2, Fig. 3) have shown that this material exhibits good electrochemical performance comparable to polycrystalline, xerogel or thin film V 2 O 5 -related systems [24]. It means that the change of the microstructure and a substantial increase in the electrical conductivity have not affected its ability to insert/deinsert lithium.…”

“…Taking into account this correlation we have postulated that the conductivity enhancement is caused mainly by the presence of interfacial regions around newly formed nanograins. The defective nature of such interfaces can provide good conditions for small polaron hopping, which is a main electronic transport mechanism in systems like V 2 O 5 [20,21], LiFePO 4 [22] or Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 [23,24].…”

Mesoporous Hybrids of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Vanadium Pentoxide for Enhanced Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Electrochemical Capacitors

“…At more than two Li + insertion, irreversible transformation of γ-LixV2O5 to rocksalt type ω-LixV2O5 (2 < x < 3) phase occurs. 24 Such phase transition processes induce large lattice strains due to coexistence of different phases within single particles. The lattice mismatch-induced mechanical strain can cause irreversible structural damage resulting in poor battery lifetime and irreversible capacity loss.…”