“…These are 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D structures, which include nanodots, nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, nanosheets, nanofibers, and various hierarchical structures such as nanospheres, nanowhiskers, nanorings, nanoflowers, core-shells, etc. [ 3 , 9 , 67 , 71 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. SEM images of some nanostructures are shown in Figure 1 .…”