Vanadium, recent advancements and research prospects: A review

Imtiaz, Muhammad; Xiong, Shuping; Li, Hailan; Ashraf, Muhammad; Shahzad, Sher Muhammad; Shahzad, Muhammad Aamir; Rizwan, Muhammad; Tu, Shuxin

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.018

Cited by 381 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The median of samples with enrichment factors of <10 would imply deposition of 35 × 10 9 g V/y from the atmosphere and a substantial enhancement (∼9.0×) due to human activities. The latter amounts to slightly more than 20% of estimated gross sources of V in the atmosphere, suggesting that a substantial amount of dry deposition must occur near sources of human emissions (7,103,104). However, some V is carried long distances in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Sinks Of V From the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Schlesinger

Klein

Vengosh

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

126

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Synthesizing published data, we provide a quantitative summary of the global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium (V), including both human-derived and natural fluxes. Through mining of V ores (130 × 10 9 g V/y) and extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (600 × 10 9 g V/y), humans are the predominant force in the geochemical cycle of V at Earth's surface. Human emissions of V to the atmosphere are now likely to exceed background emissions by as much as a factor of 1.7, and, presumably, we have altered the deposition of V from the atmosphere by a similar amount. Excessive V in air and water has potential, but poorly documented, consequences for human health. Much of the atmospheric flux probably derives from emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, but the magnitude of this flux depends on the type of fuel, with relatively low emissions from coal and higher contributions from heavy crude oils, tar sands bitumen, and petroleum coke. Increasing interest in petroleum derived from unconventional deposits is likely to lead to greater emissions of V to the atmosphere in the near future. Our analysis further suggests that the flux of V in rivers has been incremented by about 15% from human activities. Overall, the budget of dissolved V in the oceans is remarkably well balanced-with about 40 × 10 9 g V/y to 50 × 10 9 g V/y inputs and outputs, and a mean residence time for dissolved V in seawater of about 130,000 y with respect to inputs from rivers.vanadium | petroleum | geochemical cycle | aerosols | rock weathering V anadium (V) occurs in a wide range of earth materials and is a relatively abundant trace metal, with an average concentration in the upper continental crust (97 mg/kg) more than double those of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) (1). In modern society, the majority of V is used to improve the strength and corrosion resistance of steel; it is also of increasing strategic and technological interest as a specialty metal in electronics and batteries. V is an essential trace element in prokaryotic biochemistry, where it is found as an alternative to molybdenum in the molecular structure of nitrogenase, the enzyme of N fixation (2-4). It also appears in the structure of enzymes in the marine algae responsible for the formation of bromoform (5) and methyl bromide (6), which contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Whether V is an essential trace element in higher plants and animals is unknown (7), with some evidence favoring an essential role in at least some higher organisms (e.g., refs. 8 and 9). Higher plants accumulate about 1 mg/kg in their tissues (10).The mean concentration of V in the continental crust is about 97 mg/kg (1, 11), and ∼20 × 10 9 g V/y enters biogeochemical cycles at Earth's surface through chemical weathering (12). V, which can exist in three common oxidation states, is largely found as the vanadate ion (H 2 VO 4 − ) in natural oxidized waters of near-neutral pH. The dissolved concentration in river water is about 0.7 μg/L, less than half of the concentration of ∼1.8 μg/L in seawa...

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Section: Sinks Of V From the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Schlesinger

Klein

Vengosh

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

126

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“…Samples at the column outlet was collected in glass vials every 10 mL with an automatic fraction collector. For each column, the experiments were conducted with different pH (4,6,8) and IS (0.1, 0.01, 0.001 M) conditions. The pH of leaching solution was adjusted with 0.5 M naOH and HCl, the ionic strength (IS) was regulated with KCl.…”

Section: Column Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In agricultural soils and mine tailings in the Panzhihua region, vanadium showed low mobility and leachability, but its mobility increased with alternating wet and dry conditions. [1] Other studies have indicated that the adsorption of vanadium was also dependent on soil pH, [6] the presence of iron and manganese oxides [7] and soil texture. [8] Compared to clay and silt soils, sandy soil has lower sorption ability for vanadium due to the occurrence of ion-exchange sites [9] and low oxalate soluble Fe, Mn and Al concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of vanadium (V) in saturated porous media: effects of pH, ionic-strength and clay mineral

Wang

Yin

Sun

et al. 2016

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Vanadium, a hazardous pollutant, has been frequently detected in soil and groundwater, however, its transport behavior in porous media were not clearly understood. In this study, the effects of solution pH, ionic strength (IS) and the effect of clay mineral on the transport of vanadium in saturated porous media were investigated. Laboratory experiments using a series of columns packed with quartz sand were carried out to explore the retention and transport of vanadium with a range of ionic-strength (0.001-0.1 M) and pH (4-8) and two different types of clay minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite. Results of the breakthrough experiments showed that vanadium was highly mobile in the saturated porous media. The increase in pH rendered a higher transport of vanadium in saturated porous media. The study also indicated an easier transfer of vanadium with an increase in IS. Montmorillonite enhanced the mobility of vanadium in the column when compared to kaolinite. A mathematical model based on advectiondispersion equation coupled with equilibrium and kinetic reactions was used to describe the retention and transport of vanadium in the columns very well.

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“…However, Ti-6Al-4V has an advantage over Co-28Cr-26Mo because of the presence of Vanadium. Vanadium may reduce memory deficits in individuals exposed continuously for a long time (Imtiaz et al, 2015). Due to these advantages, Ti-6Al-4V is considered better than Co-28Cr-6Mo in prosthesis production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages adhesion rate on Ti-6Al-4V substrates: polishing and DLC coating effects

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Various works have shown that diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are able to improve the cells adhesion on prosthesis material and also cause protection against the physical wear. On the other hand there are reports about the effect of substrate polishing, in evidence of that roughness can enhance cell adhesion. In order to compare and quantify the joint effects of both factors, i.e, polishing and DLC coating, a commonly prosthesis material, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, was used as raw material for substrates in our studies of macrophage cell adhesion rate on rough and polished samples, coated and uncoated with DLC. Methods: The films were produced by PECVD technique on Ti-6Al-4V substrates and characterized by optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The amount of cells was measured by particle analysis in IMAGE J software. Cytotoxicity tests were also carried out to infer the biocompatibility of the samples. Results:The results showed that higher the surface roughness of the alloy, higher are the cells fixing on the samples surface, moreover group of samples with DLC favored the cell adhesion more than their respective uncoated groups. The cytotoxity tests confirmed that all samples were biocompatible independently of being polished or coated with DLC. Conclusion: From the observed results, it was found that the rougher substrate coated with DLC showed a higher cell adhesion than the polished samples, either coated or uncoated with the film. It is concluded that the roughness of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the DLC coating act complementary to enhance cell adhesion.

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Vanadium, recent advancements and research prospects: A review

Cited by 381 publications

References 102 publications

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Transport of vanadium (V) in saturated porous media: effects of pH, ionic-strength and clay mineral

Macrophages adhesion rate on Ti-6Al-4V substrates: polishing and DLC coating effects

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