Vancomycin and Oxacillin Co-Resistance of Commensal Staphylococci

Abstract

Background:Many disease conditions including Staphylococcal infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat in South Africa due to the surge of vancomycin-oxacillin resistant strains. How widespread this phenomenon is in commensal isolates in the Nkonkobe municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa is not known, and considering the high level of immunocompromised individuals in the province, this study couldn’t have come at a better time.Objectives:The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin and oxacillin co-resistance in methicillin-resistant commensal staphylococci in Nkonkobe municipality, South Africa as part of our larger study on the surveillance of reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in South Africa.Materials and Methods:Staphylococcus species were isolated from domestic animals of Nkonkobe municipality, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against a panel of several relevant antibiotics. Specific primer sets were also used for the polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of mecA gene as well as vanA and vanB genes in the genome of resistant Staphylococcus species.Results:A total of 120 Staphylococcus isolates were screened, out of which, 32 (26%) were susceptible to both methicillin and vancomycin, while 12 (10%) had co-resistance to the antibiotics, which is still on the high side, both clinically and epidemiologically. Gentamicin (an aminoglycoside) had a relatively high potency against the isolates with 107 (89.17%) of the bacteria being susceptible to it, while 10 (8.33%) were resistant. On the other hand, erythromycin (a macrolide) was active against 72 (60%) of the isolates, while 5 (4.17%) and 74 (61.67%) of them yielded intermediate and resistant responses, respectively. Similarly, 51 (42.5%) of the isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, while 1 (0.83%) and 17 (14.17%) were intermediate and resistant, respectively.Conclusions:Ten percent of the isolates were positive for mecA gene among the vancomycin-oxacillin resistant strains, while van gene was not detected in any of the isolates. The data obtained would be useful in clinical control of resistant staphylococcal strains.

Antimicrobial Resistant Pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from the Stool of Healthy Volunteers of Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State

“…Antimicrobial resistance is a major factor contributing to mortality and morbidity in settings with limited diagnostic facilities and treatment options. Resistance to antimicrobial agents has become important in clinical management and control of many diseases and deserves scienti c intervention to bring about some control measures (Soyege et al, 2014). Age and gender distribution of the volunteers…”

Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns and Plasmid Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Some Swimming Pools in Akure, Nigeria

“…Resistance to antimicrobial agents has become important in clinical management and control of many diseases and deserves scientific intervention to bring about some control measures [6,7]. This study therefore sought to determine the bacterial loads of swimming pools in Akure, a south western city in Nigeria; their susceptibility patterns to different antibiotics and to evaluate the plasmid profile of bacterial pathogens that showed multiple antibiotic resistance.…”

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Microorganisms Isolated from the Intestine and Body Parts of the African Giant Land Snail (Achatina achatina) Sold in Akure, Nigeria

“…These agents may interfere with cell wall synthesis, inhibit protein synthesis, interfere with nucleic acid synthesis or inhibit a metabolic pathway. Resistance to antimicrobial agents has become important in clinical management and control of many diseases and deserves scientific intervention to bring about some control measures [9].This study therefore sought to bring out the microbial loads of the snail, Achatina achatina; their susceptibility patterns to different antibiotics and antifungal agents and to evaluate the plasmid profile of bacterial pathogens that showed multiple antibiotic resistance.…”