Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Troublemaker of the 21st century

Ranotkar, Swapnil; Kumar, Parveen; Zutshi, Shubhranshu; Prashanth, Krishna Shastrula; Bezbaruah, Babul Kumar; Anand, Jay; Lahkar, Mangala

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2014.04.002

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Vancomycin is one of the last antibiotics which is highly effective against clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens then resistance against vancomycin is critical among probiotics. 56,57 Ethical Issues No ethical issues were promulgated.…”

Section: Antibiotic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN and Enterococcus mundtii 50H Isolated from Traditional Dairies Microbiota

Haghshenas¹,

Haghshenas²,

Nami³

et al. 2016

Adv Pharm Bull

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Probiotics are microorganisms, which show beneficial health effects on hosts once consumed in sufficient amounts. Among probiotic bacteria, the bioactive compounds from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group can be utilized as preservative agents. LAB group can be isolated and characterized from traditional dairy sources. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and biologically characterize probiotic LAB strains from Iranian traditional dairy products. Methods: A total of 19 LAB strains were identified by sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes. They were examined for adherence to human intestinal Caco-2 cells and tolerance to low pH/high bile salts and simulated in vitro digestion conditions. Moreover, they were evaluated further to assess their ability to prevent the adhesion of Escherichia coli 026 to the intestinal mucosa, inhibitory functions against pathogens, and sensitivity to conventional antibiotics. Results: L. plantarum 15HN and E. mundtii 50H strains displayed ≥ 71% survival rates at low pH/high bile salts and ≥ 40% survival rates in digestive conditions. Their adherences to Caco-2 cells were 3.2×10 5 and 2.6×10 5 CFU mL-1 respectively and high values of antiadhesion capability were observed (≥36%). They inhibited the growth of 13 and 11 indicator pathogens respectively. Moreover, they were sensitive or semi-sensitive to seven and three out of eight antibiotics respectively. Conclusion: L. plantarum 15HN and E. mundtii 50H, which were isolated from shiraz product, displayed above-average results for all of the criteria. Therefore, they can be introduced as novel candidate probiotics that could be used in the food industry.

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Section: Antibiotic Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN and Enterococcus mundtii 50H Isolated from Traditional Dairies Microbiota

Haghshenas¹,

Haghshenas²,

Nami³

et al. 2016

Adv Pharm Bull

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“…Glycopeptide resistance in enterococci is mediated by van gene clusters, among which vanA and vanB are the most commonly reported worldwide. 1,2 VanA-type enterococci confer high-level resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, whereas VanB-type enterococci display varying levels of vancomycin resistance but remain susceptible to teicoplanin. 3 In recent years, however, vanM has emerged as a new and prevalent resistance determinant in clinical enterococci in China, especially in the cities of Shanghai and Hangzhou.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem amplification of the vanM gene cluster drives vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-variable enterococci

Sun

Chen

Hua

et al. 2019

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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Background Vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE) are a potential risk factor for vancomycin resistance gene dissemination and clinical treatment failure. vanM has emerged as a new prevalent resistance determinant among clinical enterococci in China. A total of 54 vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) isolates carrying incomplete vanM gene clusters were isolated in our previous study. Objectives To determine the potential of vanM-carrying VSE to develop vancomycin resistance and investigate the mechanism of alteration of the resistance phenotype. Methods Fifty-four vanM-positive VSE strains were induced in vitro by culturing in increasing concentrations of vancomycin. Genetic changes between three parent VVE strains and their resistant variants were analysed using Illumina and long-read sequencing technologies, quantitative PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Changes in expression level were determined by quantitative RT–PCR. Results Twenty-five of the 54 VSE strains carrying vanM became resistant upon vancomycin exposure. A significant increase in vanM copy number was observed ranging from 5.28 to 127.64 copies per cell in induced resistant VVE strains. The vanM transposon was identified as tandem repeats with IS1216E between them, and occurred in either the plasmid or the chromosome of resistant VVE cells. In addition, an increase in vanM expression was observed after resistance conversion in VVE. Conclusions This study identified tandem amplification of the vanM gene cluster as a new mechanism for vancomycin resistance in VVE strains, offering a competitive advantage for VVE under antibiotic pressure.

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“…Even A. baumannii, over the last 10 years, has emerged as one of the most problematic bacteria since it exhibits a wide spectrum of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, such that treatment has been limited to a few antibiotics [22]. VRE likewise has emerged as one of the difficult-to-treat bacteria that cause several life-threatening infections, and for which a definitive and successful therapy remains elusive from the reach of an ever-growing number of patients [23] . The advent of these MDR bacteria has solicited some inquiries with regard to the future of therapeutic drugs in chemotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of Philippine medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria

Valle

Andrade

Puzon

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

114

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A B S T R A C TObjective: To investigate the antibacterial activities of crude ethanol extracts of 12 Philippine medicinal plants. Methods: Crude ethanol extracts from 12 Philippine medicinal plants were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, extended spectrum b-lactamase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and metallo-b-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Results: The leaf extracts of Psidium guajava, Phyllanthus niruri, Ehretia microphylla and Piper betle (P. betle) showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. P. betle showed the highest antibacterial activity for these bacteria in the disk diffusion (16-33 mm inhibition diameter), minimum inhibitory concentration (19-156 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (312 mg/mL) assays. P. betle leaf extracts only showed remarkable antibacterial activity for all the Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria (extended spectrum b-lactamase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and metallo-b-lactamase-producing) in the disk diffusion (17-21 mm inhibition diameter), minimum inhibitory concentration (312-625 mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (312-625 mg/mL) assays.Conclusions: P. betle had the greatest potential value against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive multidrug-resistant bacteria. Favorable antagonistic activities were also exhibited by the ethanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Phyllanthus niruri and Ehretia microphylla.

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Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Troublemaker of the 21st century

Cited by 28 publications

References 95 publications

Probiotic Assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN and Enterococcus mundtii 50H Isolated from Traditional Dairies Microbiota

Probiotic Assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum 15HN and Enterococcus mundtii 50H Isolated from Traditional Dairies Microbiota

Tandem amplification of the vanM gene cluster drives vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-variable enterococci

Antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of Philippine medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria

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