Vancomycin-Resistant
            <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>
            Strains Isolated from Community Wastewater from a Semiclosed Agri-Food System in Texas

Poole, Toni L.; Hume, Michael E.; Campbell, Lisa; Scott, H. M.; Alali, Walid Q.; Harvey, Roger B.

doi:10.1128/aac.49.10.4382-4385.2005

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One of these patients came in for her annual check-up and had no prior healthcare exposures 28 . Also, VRE was found in wastewater from a semi-closed agri-food system 29 . Nonetheless, VRE remains an uncommon pathogen in community-associated infections.…”

Section: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (Vre)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community

Duin

Paterson

2016

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

467

285

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Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are one of the most important current threats to public health. Typically, MDR bacteria are associated with nosocomial infections. However, some MDR bacteria have become quite prevalent causes of community-acquired infections. The spread of MDR bacteria into the community is a crucial development, and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs and antibiotic use. Factors associated with community dissemination of MDR bacteria overlap but are distinct from those associated with nosocomial spread. Community-associated (CA) MDR bacteria have an antibiotic resistance phenotype that is stable in the absence of antibiotic pressure of the type normally observed in hospitals or nursing homes. An exception to this rule may be those CA-MDR bacteria, of which the prevalence is driven by the presence of antibiotics in the food chain. Additionally, the colonization of otherwise healthy hosts is a common characteristic of CA-MDR bacteria. However, subtle immune deficiencies may still be present in the subjects colonized with specific CA-MDR bacteria. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the most prevalent of CA-MDR bacteria. CA-MRSA also has the greatest impact on morbidity and mortality. The main threat on the horizon is represented by Enterobacteriaceae. The production of extended spectrum β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae encountered in the community is becoming increasingly prevalent. Of great concern is the potential for the acquisition of carbapenemase genes in CA-Enterobacteriaceae. Prevention of further community spread of MDR bacteria is of the utmost importance, and will require a multi-disciplinary approach involving all stakeholders.

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Section: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (Vre)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community

Duin

Paterson

2016

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

467

285

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“…Many surveillance studies failed to recognize a considerable reservoir of vanB among enterococcal colonizers in animals and humans, whereas recent real-time based studies targeting vanB or improved methods of detection revealed a considerable reservoir among intestinal colonizers, maybe also non-enterococcal bacteria (see above). In general, the supposed low expression of vancomycin resistance among vanB strains may have lead to an underestimation of its general prevalence, since in many screening studies comparably high vancomycin concentrations were used to select VRE (Poole et al, 2005;Hershberger et al, 2005). Rates of clinical vanB-type VRE are increasing, at least in some European countries www.intechopen.com during last years Soderblom et al, 2010;Bourdon et al, 2011) and a link to a supposed reservoir outside the clinical setting, for instance, among mammal intestinal colonizers is discussed also in areas where vanB-type vancomycin resistance is more prevalent (Christiansen et al, 2004;Johnson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Localization and Spread Of Vana-and Vanb-type Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends of Emergence and Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Werner¹

2012

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria - A Continuous Challenge in the New Millennium

184

229

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“…Waste received from environments under significant antibiotic pressure, such as hospitals, consistently contains a greater proportion of singly and multiple drug-resistant bacteria [9,22,26,28,38,60] and AR enterococci are commonly recovered from sewage [2,8,9,28,38,47,51,55]. House flies and other filth flies often have direct and unhindered access to many steps in the waste processing flow and therefore may acquire bacteria associated with the waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of House Flies in the Ecology of Enterococcus faecalis from Wastewater Treatment Facilities

2013

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Enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens with Enterococcus faecalis most commonly responsible for human infections. In this study, we used several measures to test the hypothesis that house flies, Musca domestica (L.), acquire and disseminate antibiotic resistant and potentially virulent E.faecalis from wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) to the surrounding urban environment. House flies and sludge from four WWTF (1-4) as well as house flies from three urban sites close to WWTF-1 were collected and cultured for enterococci. Enterococci were identified, quantified, screened for antibiotic resistance and virulence traits, and assessed for clonality. Of the eleven antibiotics tested, E. faecalis was most commonly resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and erythromycin and these traits were intra-species horizontally transferrable by in vitro conjugation. Profiles of E. faecalis (prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence traits) from each of WWTF sludge and associated house flies were similar, indicating that flies successfully acquired these bacteria from this substrate. The greatest number of E. faecalis with antibiotic resistance and virulence factors (i.e., gelatinase, cytolysin, enterococcus surface protein, and aggregation substance) originated from WWTF-1 that processed meat waste from a nearby commercial meat processing plant, suggesting an agricultural rather than human clinical source of these isolates. E. faecalis from house flies collected from three sites 0.7 -1.5 km away from WWTF-1 were also similar in their antibiotic resistance profiles; however, antibiotic resistance was significantly less frequent. Clonal diversity assessment using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the same clones of E. faecalis from sludge and house flies from WWTF-1 but not from the three urban sites close to WWTF-1. This study demonstrates that house flies acquire antibiotic resistant enterococci from WWTF and potentially disseminate them to the surrounding environment.

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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Strains Isolated from Community Wastewater from a Semiclosed Agri-Food System in Texas

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community

Current Trends of Emergence and Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Role of House Flies in the Ecology of Enterococcus faecalis from Wastewater Treatment Facilities

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