Vanillin based polymers: I. An electrochemical route to polyvanillin

Abstract

Electrochemical reductive polymerization of divanillin in aqueous sodium hydroxide using a lead cathode gives polyvanillin in 91% yield. The product was characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1 H, 13 C NMR, TGA-DTGA, and GPC.

Organic reactions for the electrochemical and photochemical production of chemical fuels from CO2 – The reduction chemistry of carboxylic acids and derivatives as bent CO2 surrogates

“…The reductive electrochemistry of aldehydes is plagued with selectivity issues related to polymerization reactions [108,109]. However, the key to long-sought productive CAC coupling reactions leading to the production of long-chain alkane fuels from CO 2 may lie in this particular reductive regime.…”

Renewable (semi)aromatic polyesters from symmetrical vanillin-based dimers

“…12 Vanillic acid was also used as a comonomer in the synthesis of a multitude of thermotropic polymers, which exhibit liquid crystal formation in the melt form. 32,33 Divanillin was classically synthesized by oxidative phenol-coupling using iron(II) chloride (FeCl 3 ) or iron(II) sulfate (FeSO 4 ) 34,35,36,37,38,39 . 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23 Recently, with the increasing interest on renewable resources, several bio-based polymers were produced from vanillin or its derivatives.…”

Relevance of the acidic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid in the selective catalysis of the biomass hemicellulose fraction

“…[35][36][37][38] Interactions between lignocellulosic biomass and ILs are intricate due to the presence of lignin and extractives, as well as because of the recalcitrance inherent to these materials. [40][41][42][43] Acidic ILs functionalised with SO 3 H greatly increase the reaction rate of the cellulose hydrolysis and have a higher catalytic activity for the cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Generally, anions with strong hydrogen bond basicity can effectively weaken the hydrogen bond network of the biomass polymers.…”