Vapor–and Liquid–Phase Reactions between Nitrogen Dioxide and Water

Peters, M. S.; Holman, Jasper

doi:10.1021/ie50552a048

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Thus, given the range of possible reactive nitrogen species produced in the plasma and its effluent, and the subsequent liquid chemistry, it is too simplistic to suggest that the total nitrite concentrations correspond directly to nitric oxide delivered to the growth media. A hypothesis is that the nitrite concentration detected immediately after exposure is a result of three fast occurring processes; (i) nitrogen dioxide conversion to

N {normalO}_{2}^{-}

on interaction with water, (ii) nitrate radical conversion to

N {normalO}_{3}^{-}

on interaction with water, and (iii) nitric oxide conversion to both

N {normalO}_{2}^{-}

and

N {normalO}_{3}^{-}

on interaction with water. It should also be noted that one source of water for these reactions is humidity in the air, and thus these processes will already have started before the species in the effluent interact with the growth media itself.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is likely that reactions involving the above species and those produced in the plasma effluent with the growth media post exposure contribute to the increase in nitrites after periods of incubation. For example, nitrogen dioxide and nitrate radicals will react with water to produce aqueous nitrite and nitrate, the ions tested for using the nitrite quantitation assay. Furthermore, proteins present in cell growth media upon exposure to external nitric oxide and/or nitrogen dioxide may become nitrosated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions of a Non‐Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Effluent with PC‐3 Prostate Cancer Cells

Gibson

McCarthy

Ali

et al. 2014

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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The effect of a radio‐frequency driven, microscale non thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet operated in helium with vol. 0.3% molecular oxygen gas admixture, on PC‐3 prostate cancer cells has been investigated. The viability of cells exposed to the plasma was found to decrease with increasing plasma exposure time, with apoptosis through caspase and PARP cleavage being observed. High concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were detected in growth media exposed to the plasma and were found to increase in a time dependent manner post exposure. This indicates a slow release of reactive nitrogen species into the growth media, which is likely to influence cellular response to plasma exposure.

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N {normalO}_{2}^{-}

on interaction with water, (ii) nitrate radical conversion to

N {normalO}_{3}^{-}

on interaction with water, and (iii) nitric oxide conversion to both

N {normalO}_{2}^{-}

and

N {normalO}_{3}^{-}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of a Non‐Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Effluent with PC‐3 Prostate Cancer Cells

Gibson

McCarthy

Ali

et al. 2014

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…Previous authors specifically called attention to its occurrence in long wetted-wall columns (5, 7). However Denbigh and co-workers (4,6) observed no mist, and Peters and Holman (21) state that they eliminated mist during NOz absorption by carefully filtering the inert carrier gas before using it. In most of the experiments made in this research, although the nitrogen was not filtered, no fog was visible even after nitrogen dioxide had contacted liquid water in the column.…”

Section: Comparison Of Results With Literature Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of nitrogen tetroxide absorption in water

Wendel

Pigford

1958

AIChE Journal

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The rate of absorption of nitrogen peroxide into water at 25" and 40°C. has been found to be a linear function of the concentration of nitrogen tetroxide in the gas phase and directly proportional to the interfacial partial pressure of the same species.The rate of absorption is independent of gas velocity over a range of Recl from 170 to 350.The results plotted as absorption rate divided by interfacial partial pressure of nitrogen tetroxide show no effect of liquid rate or contact time between gas and liquid over a tenfold range of contact time from 0.03 to 0.3 sec. This indicates that the rate-controlling step during nitrogen dioxide absorption into water is the rate of hydrolysis of nitrogen tetroxide.The absorption rate decreases with increasing temperature from 25' to 40"C., owing to the shift of the equilibrium in the gas phase away from the reacting species nitrogen tetroxide toward nitrogen dioxide and owing to the decreased solubility of nitrogen tetroxide in water. The effect of these factors on absorption more than offsets the effect of the increase in reaction rate and higher diffusivity on absorption at 40°C.The reaction rate constant for the hydrolysis of nitrogen tetroxide has been determined and the solubility of dissolved but unreacted nitrogen tetroxide in equilibrium with gaseous nitrogen tetroxide has been found.Despite the large quantities of nitric acid made by the absorption of nitrogen oxides into water, the kinetics of the reactions involved are not yet fully explained. These reactions are commonly written asThe reaction shown in Equation (3) is the least-understood step of the three.Future efforts to improve the already high efficiency of absorption towers where reaction (3) is carried out will be based on a better understanding of the kinetics of this reaction. To add to the knowledge of this reaction, a study has been made of the kinetics of the absorption and reaction of nitrogen peroxide* with water. Others (4, 6 , LO) who have studied this same problem have shown that nitrogen tetroxide is the reacting species in Equation (3) and that the *Nitrogen peroxide refers to the equilibrium M. M. Wendel is with E.

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“…Finally, this chemistry may occur on surfaces of airborne dust particles that are known to be transported globally and to play a role in the chemistry of the global troposphere. [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] A number of studies 16,26,37,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] have established that reaction (1) is negligible in the gas phase but occurs in the presence of surfaces. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 in laboratory systems and in outdoor and indoor atmospheres: An integrated mechanism

Finlayson-Pitts

Wingen

Sumner

et al. 2002

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

627

767

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The heterogeneous reaction of NO 2 with water on the surface of laboratory systems has been known for decades to generate HONO, a major source of OH that drives the formation of ozone and other air pollutants in urban areas and possibly in snowpacks. Previous studies have shown that the reaction is first order in NO 2 and in water vapor, and the formation of a complex between NO 2 and water at the air-water interface has been hypothesized as being the key step in the mechanism. We report data from long path FTIR studies in borosilicate glass reaction chambers of the loss of gaseous NO 2 and the formation of the products HONO, NO and N 2 O. Further FTIR studies were carried out to measure species generated on the surface during the reaction, including HNO 3 , N 2 O 4 and NO 2 + . We propose a new reaction mechanism in which we hypothesize that the symmetric form of the NO 2 dimer, N 2 O 4 , is taken up on the surface and isomerizes to the asymmetric form, ONONO 2 . The latter autoionizes to NO + NO 3 À , and it is this intermediate that reacts with water to generate HONO and surface-adsorbed HNO 3 . Nitric oxide is then generated by secondary reactions of HONO on the highly acidic surface. This new mechanism is discussed in the context of our experimental data and those of previous studies, as well as the chemistry of such intermediates as NO + and NO 2 + that is known to occur in solution. Implications for the formation of HONO both outdoors and indoors in real and simulated polluted atmospheres, as well as on airborne particles and in snowpacks, are discussed. A key aspect of this chemistry is that in the atmospheric boundary layer where human exposure occurs and many measurements of HONO and related atmospheric constituents such as ozone are made, a major substrate for this heterogeneous chemistry is the surface of buildings, roads, soils, vegetation and other materials. This area of reactions in thin films on surfaces (SURFACE ¼ Surfaces, Urban and Remote: Films As a Chemical Environment) has received relatively little attention compared to reactions in the gas and liquid phases, but in fact may be quite important in the chemistry of the boundary layer in urban areas.

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Vapor–and Liquid–Phase Reactions between Nitrogen Dioxide and Water

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Interactions of a Non‐Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Effluent with PC‐3 Prostate Cancer Cells

Interactions of a Non‐Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Effluent with PC‐3 Prostate Cancer Cells

Kinetics of nitrogen tetroxide absorption in water

The heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 in laboratory systems and in outdoor and indoor atmospheres: An integrated mechanism

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