Vapor-induced variation in electrical performance of carbon black/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites prepared by polymerization filling

Dong, Xian‐Zhe; Fu, Ruo Wen; Zhang, Ming Qiu; Zhang, Bin; Li, Jun Rong; Rong, Min Zhi

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00336-6

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The latter is very similar to that of the system of polymers filled with carbon black. [26][27][28][29] An unusual response similar to that mentioned above was also observed for polyaniline composite film containing a certain amount of carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Preparation of Nano‐Structured Polyaniline Composite Film via “Carbon Nanotubes Seeding” Approach and its Gas‐Response Studies

Ma¹,

Zhang²,

Yu³

et al. 2005

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: Polyaniline composite film with nano‐structure was prepared through a chemical oxidation method by adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nano‐fiber seeds. Spin‐coating or casting method was employed on the interdigital electrodes of carbon and the composite film was formed with an in‐situ polymerization approach. The gas‐response to trimethylamine was also examined at room temperature. It was found that the difference was not only in the morphology, but also in the value of gas‐sensitivity. Comparing with films without the CNTs, the value of gas‐sensitivity decreased dramatically, while the baseline current of the sensor increased remarkably. This method can be an effective way to adjust the gas‐sensitivity of sensors made from polyaniline composite film by adding a small amount of carbon nanotube. XRD data showed that the degree of orientation of polyaniline was increased greatly with the addition of CNTs.Morphology and reproducibility (inset) of polyaniline composite film containing carbon nanotubes.magnified imageMorphology and reproducibility (inset) of polyaniline composite film containing carbon nanotubes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Preparation of Nano‐Structured Polyaniline Composite Film via “Carbon Nanotubes Seeding” Approach and its Gas‐Response Studies

Ma¹,

Zhang²,

Yu³

et al. 2005

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…18 The responsivity is described by the ratio of the transient resistance to the initial resistance in air.…”

Section: Performance Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this consideration, polymerization filling is applied to produce CB/PMMA composites through insitu polymerization in the presence of CB particles. 18 To have deeper understanding of the performance of the composites manufactured in this way, effects of various reaction conditions should be examined. From Table I it can be found that the monomer conversion increases with a rise in reaction time, temperature and initiator content.…”

Section: Cb/pmma Composites Synthesized By Polymerization Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Narkis et al 8,17 indicated that the sensitivity of carbon black filled immiscible polymer blends to organic solvents depends on blending composition, nature of the constituting components, interfacial feature, and production shear level. In our previous works, [18][19][20] polymerization filling was employed to synthesize amorphous polymers based composites, which exhibit sufficient vapor sensibility and reproducibility. The content of carbon black, testing temperature and organic solvent species exert important influences on the electrical response of the composites.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Processing on Electric Response of Carbon Black Filled Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composites against Organic Solvent Vapors

Dong¹,

Fu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2003

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Carbon black filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (CB/PMMA) composites were fabricated by solution mixing and polymerization filling, respectively. The effects of processing conditions on electrical conductivity of the composites and their electric responsivity against organic solvent vapors were investigated. The experimental results showed that molecular weight of the polymer matrix, carbon black content, and the composite film thickness greatly influence the response behaviors of the composites in solvent vapors. Furthermore, the composites prepared by polymerization filling have higher gas sensitivity, response rate, recovery rate, and reproducibility as compared to the composites by solution mixing. The sensing performance of the composites is found to be closely related to the microstructure of the materials, which provides possibilities for further improve the overall properties of the composites by altering the processing parameters.KEY WORDS Carbon Black / Poly(methyl Methacrylate) / Conductive Polymer Composites / Gas Sensor / Processing / Dispersion of carbon black into an insulating polymeric matrix yields a conductive composite material characterized by a sharp decrease of its electrical resistivity when the filler content is increased above a critical value called percolation threshold. 1, 2 One of the most attractive features of these composites lies in their positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect, 3, 4 which describes a switching from low to high resistance as temperature approaches the melting point of the matrix, and can be used to produce polymer based selfregulating heaters, microswitches, etc. In fact, a similar change has also been observed in the composites when facing organic solvents or vapors. 5-8 Absorption of the solvent or vapor into the composite is believed to cause a significant variation in electrical resistance by influencing the length of percolation paths between carbon black particles within the composite due to swelling or dissolution of the polymer matrix. 9, 10 On the basis of this feature, the composites are capable of acting as chemiresistors or electronic noses to detect, distinguish, and quantify various solvents or solvent vapors and might find applications in chemical, medical, automotive, food, and fragrances. 11-13 So far, it is known that the sensing materials have many advantages, including easy fabrication with cost effectiveness, stability in many different environments, rapid response rate and high sensitivity to the targets, high selectivity, and miniature design.With respect to the study on the conductive composites as chemisensors in the aspect of materials development, however, not many published reports are available because it is a relatively new area. Tsubokawa and co-workers 6, 14-16 modified carbon black surface by grafting polymerization, and found that the content and dispersity of the fillers, and crystallinity and molecular weight of the matrix notably influence the electrical responsivity, reproducibility and stability of the composit...

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“…[5][6][7][8] On the other hand, Narkis et al 9 have reported the solvent sensing by use of conductive carbon black/polymer composite. Lews et al 10,11 and Zhang et al [12][13][14][15] have also reported the solvent vapor sensing behavior of carbon black/amorphous polymer composites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Contamination and Gas Sensor Materials from Amphiphilic Polymer-Grafted Carbon Black

Morohashi

Nakanoya

Iwata

et al. 2006

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The responses of electric resistance of composites prepared from amphiphilic polymer-grafted carbon blacks to contamination in solution and solvent vapor were investigated. The electric resistance of the composite prepared from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-grafted carbon black drastically increased when the composite was dipped in n-hexane containing contamination, such as methanol, THF, dioctyl phthalate, and chloroform, and returned to the initial resistance when it was transferred to dry air. The logarithm of the electric resistance of the composite was linearly proportional to chloroform concentration in n-hexane. The electric resistance of the composite drastically increased in organic polar solvent vapor, such as methanol, THF, and chloroform and returned to the initial resistance when it was transferred to dry air. But the response to non-polar solvent vapor, such as n-hexane, was very small. The logarithm of electric resistance of the composite was linearly proportional to humidity. In addition, electric resistance of the composite prepared from poly(diethylacrylamide) (PDEAA)-grafted carbon black also drastically increased when the composite was dipped in n-hexane containing contamination, such as methanol, trichloroethane, THF, chloroform, and benzene, and returned to the initial resistance when it was transferred to dry air. Based on the results, it was found that the composites could be used as a novel contamination sensor in n-hexane and gas sensor.

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Vapor-induced variation in electrical performance of carbon black/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites prepared by polymerization filling

Cited by 55 publications

References 8 publications

Preparation of Nano‐Structured Polyaniline Composite Film via “Carbon Nanotubes Seeding” Approach and its Gas‐Response Studies

Preparation of Nano‐Structured Polyaniline Composite Film via “Carbon Nanotubes Seeding” Approach and its Gas‐Response Studies

Effects of Processing on Electric Response of Carbon Black Filled Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composites against Organic Solvent Vapors

Novel Contamination and Gas Sensor Materials from Amphiphilic Polymer-Grafted Carbon Black

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