Vapor–liquid equilibrium and distillation of mixtures containing formaldehdye and poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers

Schmitz, Niklas; Breitkreuz, Christian F.; Ströfer, Eckhard; Burger, J.; Hasse, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2018.06.012

Cited by 27 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This notation does not imply that the resulting products are distinguishable, i.e. ( 23) may be the same molecule as (32). The formation of these oligomers can be described by the pyramidal reaction scheme presented in Figure 1a. )…”

Section: Diolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Chemical Equilibrium Constant of Formaldehyde Oligomerization

Kircher

Schmitz

Berje

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Formaldehyde reacts with solvents that contain hydroxyl groups (R-OH) in oligomerization reactions to oxymethylene oligomers (R-(OCH 2 ) n -OH). The chemical equilibria of these reactions have been studied in the literature for water, for the mono-alcohols methanol, ethanol, and 1-butanol, as well as for the diols ethylene glycol and 1,4butynediol. In the present work, the collective data were analyzed. It was found that the prolongation of the oxymethylene chains by the addition of formaldehyde can be described very well with a generalized chemical equilibrium constant K R-OHx,n≥2 , which is independent of the substructure (R) of the solvent. This holds for the oligomerization reactions leading to R-(OCH 2 ) n -OH with n ≥ 2. The chemical equilibrium constantof the reaction of formaldehyde with the solvent R-OH depends on the solvent, but simple trends are observed. The hypotheses of the existence of a generalized chemical equilibrium constant K R-OH x,n≥2 was tested for the reactions of formaldehyde with ethanol and 1-propanol, for which neither K R-OHx,1 nor K R-OHx,n were previously available.The corresponding equilibria were studied by 13 C NMR spectroscopy and the equilibrium constants were determined. A novel method was developed and used in these studies to obtain data on K R-OHx,1 by NMR spectroscopy, which is difficult due to the low amount of molecular formaldehyde. It was found that the generalized equilibrium constant is even valid for the acid-catalyzed formation of poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME).

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Section: Diolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Chemical Equilibrium Constant of Formaldehyde Oligomerization

Kircher

Schmitz

Berje

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…A decisive factor is the choice and design of the material separation, which affects the energy balance through the heat or steam requirement. Therefore, different research groups (see the literature listed above) have proposed various innovative separation technologies, such as reactive distillation [114], adsorption by zeolites [115], pervaporation [116], thin film [110], and falling film evaporators [109]. [94]), in combination with renewable hydrogen.…”

Section: Power-to-fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks

et al. 2021

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Achieving the CO2 reduction targets for 2050 requires extensive measures being undertaken in all sectors. In contrast to energy generation, the transport sector has not yet been able to achieve a substantive reduction in CO2 emissions. Measures for the ever more pressing reduction in CO2 emissions from transportation include the increased use of electric vehicles powered by batteries or fuel cells. The use of fuel cells requires the production of hydrogen and the establishment of a corresponding hydrogen production system and associated infrastructure. Synthetic fuels made using carbon dioxide and sustainably-produced hydrogen can be used in the existing infrastructure and will reach the extant vehicle fleet in the medium term. All three options require a major expansion of the generation capacities for renewable electricity. Moreover, various options for road freight transport with light duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) are analyzed and compared. In addition to efficiency throughout the entire value chain, well-to-wheel efficiency and also other aspects play an important role in this comparison. These include: (a) the possibility of large-scale energy storage in the sense of so-called ‘sector coupling’, which is offered only by hydrogen and synthetic energy sources; (b) the use of the existing fueling station infrastructure and the applicability of the new technology on the existing fleet; (c) fulfilling the power and range requirements of the long-distance road transport.

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“…The remaining OMEn, HFn and MGn can be converted to OME3-5 as well when recycled to the reactor. The German company OME Technologies GmbH has patented a surprisingly simple process to separate OME3-5 and water from the reactor effluent [26], which is described in detail in [11], [27]. A simplified process flowsheet of the process is shown in Fig.…”

Section: … By Reacting Methanol Directly With Aqueous Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

Processes for the production of OME fuels

Burger

Hasse²

2020

Proceedings

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Poly(oxymethylene) ethers (OME) are synthetic diesel fuels, which show extremely low soot formation during combustions. They are heavily discussed as future climate-friendly alternative to fossil diesel fuels, e.g. via an efuel route. To put this discussion on solid grounds, it is important to look at how OME are actually produced. This paper given an overview of the technology for the production of OME. The raw materials and the roles of the intermediates (synthesis gas, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and trioxane) in the valued added chain toward OME are explained. Technically feasible process concepts are described and assessed regarding economics and energetic efficiency. Current and future research directions for finding novel, improved production routes are discussed, before the paper is concluded.

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Vapor–liquid equilibrium and distillation of mixtures containing formaldehdye and poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Generalized Chemical Equilibrium Constant of Formaldehyde Oligomerization

Generalized Chemical Equilibrium Constant of Formaldehyde Oligomerization

Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks

Processes for the production of OME fuels

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