Vapor-liquid equilibriums in the ternary systems water-formic acid-acetic acid and water-acetic acid-propionic acid

Vapor–liquid equilibria in the ternary system isobutyl alcohol+isobutyl acetate+butyl propionate and the binary systems isobutyl alcohol+butyl propionate, isobutyl acetate+butyl propionate at 101.3kPa

“…(2). The ternary data were found to be thermodynamically consistent by the Wisniak and Tamir [19] modification of the McDermott-Ellis [11] test (D < D max at all data points). Also, these data passed the Wisniak L-W test [10] (0.92 < L i /W i < 1.10).…”

Furfural—A Promising Platform for Lignocellulosic Biofuels

“…[138,139] For example, ternary azeotropes have been reported for acetic acid/formic acid/ water and for acetic acid/furfural/water. [140,141] Furfural recovery by extraction, [104,[142][143][144][145] absorption [146][147][148] or membrane separation [149,150] has been investigated as an alternative with the promise of the improvement of energy efficiency. Promising results have been obtained under conditions representative of furfural production, that is, furfural concentration of a few wt % in an aqueous medium.…”

Approach to the 1-propanol dehydration using an extractive distillation process with ethylene glycol

“…The activity coefficients were calculated using eq 1 and the molar virial coefficients were estimated, as in the binary systems, by the method of Hayden and O'Connell [24]. The thermodynamic consistency was checked with the Wisniak and Tamir [17] modification of the…”

“…VLE data from 1-propanol (1) + water (2) water was not experimentally determined because binary interaction parameters were obtained elsewhere [7]. All binary and ternary experimental data were found thermodynamically consistent after successfully passing the test of Fredenslund [16] and the Wisniak and Tamir [17] modification of the McDermott-Ellis test [18], respectively.…”