Vapor phase catalytic degradation studies of diethyl sulfide with MnO/Zeolite‐13X catalysts in presence of air

Abstract

Vapor phase catalytic degradation of diethyl sulfide (DES) (simulant of sulfur mustard: a potential chemical warfare agent) at higher concentration (∼1200 ppm) was carried out in a fixed bed flow reactor over MnO/zeolite‐13X catalysts of different manganese contents. The catalytic process was studied in the temperature range of 100–400°C with air as the oxidizing agent. Process parameters such as reaction temperature, metal content, gas hourly space velocity, and RH% were optimized for 100% degradation of DES vapors. Reaction temperature and RH% has significant influence over the activity and stability of MnO/zeolite‐13X catalyst. The major degradation products identified are carbon oxides, ethylene, acetaldehyde, and sulfur dioxide. Traces of diethyl sulfoxide and diethyl sulfone, CSO, ethanol, thioethanol, methane thiol, acetic acid, formic acid, and thiophene are also identified in GC‐MS analyses. The plausible degradation pathway of DES is also proposed based on the analyses results. The MnO/zeolite‐13X catalysts of different compositions are prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by different characterization techniques. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1705–1712, 2018

A review of prospects and challenges of photocatalytic decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under humid environment

“…Ramakrishna et al [ 65 ] reported that the PCO efficiency of diethyl sulphide (DES) decreases with the change of humidity from 87% (RH = 34%) to 78% (RH = 88%). Water vapour has two opposing effects, competing with fimethyl sulphide (DMS) adsorption on the one hand and producing hydroxyl radicals that speed up surface reaction kinetics on the other, according to Demeestere et al [ 66 ] The former effect dominates at RH > 22%; the latter at lower RH.…”

“…Toluene Carbon-TiO 2 15 W mercury 60 86.8 Guo et al [67] NO x 350 Iron chloride 150 W xenon 40 77 Nguyen et al [62] Dimethyl sulphide 275 TiO 2 18 W UV 22 22.6 Demeestere et al [66] Formaldehyde 5.5 TiOSO 4 TiO 2 8-W UV 55 -Xu Liu et al [59] Diethyl sulphide 1200 Mn (NO 3 ) 2 34 87 Ramakrishna et al [65] Trichloroethylene 3000 TiO 2 -C 4-W UV 30 99 Kazemi et al [64] Benzene 20 TiO 2 P-25 20-W UV 5 80 Wang and Ku [68] Hexane The TiO 2 film UV lamp 45 Zhang and Liu [47] Toluene 100 Mo-TiO 2 UVC 35 Jeong et al [69] Isopropanol 10 TiO 2 /diatomite UVA lamps 5 -Zhang et al [50] 1-Heptanol 10 TiO 2 /diatomite UVA lamps 50 -Zhang et al [50] Isobutylene 4 TiO 2 P-25 UV lamp 75 -Jimenez-Relinque and Castellote [49] degradation conformed to a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction since the fitting plots of ln(C 0 /C t ) versus the degradation time t were linear at any humidity and had correlation coefficients (R 2 ) above 0.98.…”

“…Toluene TiO 2 on the activated carbons Fluidized bed Kuo et al [55] Propionaldehyde Silica, alumina, activated carbon, mordenite, femerite, X-type zeolite Pyrex reaction cell Takeda et al [89] Toluene (TiO 2 /c-MDF) carbonized medium density fibreboard Batch reactor Lee et al [114] Dichloromethane TiO 2 -1oaded activated carbon Pyrex reaction cell Torimoto et al [87] Toluene TiO 2 Batch reactor Jeong et al [69] NOx TiO 2 /silica gel Fluidized bed system Matsuda and Hatano [96] Formaldehyde TiO 2 crystallite-activated carbon Batch reactor Huang and Saka [90] 2-Propanol TiO 2 -zeolite-porous-glass composite Batch reactor Yasumori et al [92] Toluene TiO 2 Degussa P25 Fluidized bed photoreactor Prieto et al [115] Trichloroethylene Fluidized bed Dibble and Raupp [88] Dimethyl Sulphide Titanium dioxide P25 Flat-plate reactor Demeestere et al [66] Diethyl Sulphide MnO/Zeolite-13X Batch reactor Ramakrishna et al [65] Acetone/acetaldehyde/toluene Commercial TiO 2 Pyrex glass cylindrical reactor Bianchi et al [116] Ethanol Nano-MnO 2 decoration of TiO 2 microparticles Batch reactor Stucchi et al [117] Benzene BiPO 4 Fixed bed tubular reactor Long et al [118] Benzene Pt/TiO 2 catalyst Fixed bed annular Fu et al [119] Benzene Ga 2 O 3 Fixed bed tubular Hou et al [120] Acetone, benzene, toluene Indium hydroxide nanocrystals In 2 O 3 Batch reactor Yan et al [121] Benzene Pt/TiO 2 Batch reactor Li et al [122] Benzene TiO 2 $ P25 Batch reactor Einaga et al [123] 2-Butanone Gallium oxide/reduced graphene oxide Batch reactor Ibrahim and Sreekantan [124] No Degussa P-25 titanium dioxide Annular Lim et al [125] Trichloroethylene TiO 2 /SiO 2 Annulus fluidized bed reactor Lim and Kim [126] Acetaldehyde Ternary g-C 3 N 4 /Ag-TiO 2 composites A continuous gas flow reactor Wang et al [127] N-Butanol Degussa P25 Cylindrical reactor Batch Kirchnerova et al [128] 1-Propanol TiO 2 P25 Degussa Annular reactor Vincent et al [129] Propene TiO 2 Batch reactor Bouazza et al [130] Toluene TiO 2 Fixed-bed cylindrical Augugliaro et al…”

Interaction of a Porphyrin Aluminum Metal–Organic Framework with Volatile Organic Sulfur Compound Diethyl Sulfide Studied via In Situ and Ex Situ Experiments and DFT Computations

“…Sulfur mustard is extremely toxic, and research of it can only be conducted at specialized military facilities [15]. DES is much less toxic than SM, so it is suitable for university research as a surrogate of SM and potential CWA [16]. Additionally, DES is similar to SM in terms of its physical properties; specifically, it is a volatile liquid (boiling point 92 • C) that creates substantial vapor pressure (60.2 mm Hg) in air.…”