Vapor phase oxidative synthesis of conjugated polymers and applications

Abstract

Since their discovery, electrically conductive polymers have gained immense interest both in the fields of basic and applied research. Despite their vast potential in the fabrication of efficient, flexible, and low-cost electronic and optoelectronic devices, they are often difficult to process by wetchemical methods due to their very low to poor solubility in organic solvents. The use of vapor-based synthetic routes, in which conductive polymers can be synthesized and deposited as a thin film directly on a substrate from the vapor phase, provides many unique advantages. This article discusses oxidative vapor deposition processes, primarily vapor phase polymerization and oxidative chemical vapor deposition, of conjugated polymers and their applications. The mild operating conditions (near room temperature processing) allow conformal and functional coatings of conjugated polymers on delicate substrates.

Low bioaccumulative materials for parahygrophobic nanosheets with sticking behaviour

“…They can lead to the possible formation of nanostructures such as nanofibers, nanowires, nanotubes or nanosheets [12,13]. Such nanostructures can be obtained without template in solution [14,15] or on surfaces by self-assembly [16], grafting [17,18], vapour-phase polymerization [19,20] or electropolymerization [9,21]. They are mainly produced in the literature using polyaniline [22,23], polypyrrole [24,25], poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) [21,26,27] and poly (3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PPro-DOT) [8, 28,29].…”

Effect of Imidazole and Surfactant on the Opto-Electrical Properties of PEDOT Thin Films via Vapor Phase Polymerization

“…[19][20][21] Various non-conductive materials such as glass and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can be used as coating substrates. 20 The typical oxidants used in the VPP of PEDOT are iron(III)-based halides 19 or salts such as ferric p-toluenesulfonate (FTS).…”

“…[19][20][21] Various non-conductive materials such as glass and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can be used as coating substrates. 20 The typical oxidants used in the VPP of PEDOT are iron(III)-based halides 19 or salts such as ferric p-toluenesulfonate (FTS). [22][23][24] Contemporary research on PEDOT thin films has predominantly focused on testing various additives in the FTS solution to improve the electrical conductivity of the conductive films.…”

Stability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) thin films prepared by vapor phase polymerization

“…During vapor phase polymerization (VPP) the oxidant is deposited on the substrate, followed by inserting the oxidant-covered substrate into an enclosed chamber filled with monomer vapors, where polymerization occurs [5]. For VPP of PEDOT, oxidants like iron (III) p-toluenesulfonate (FeTos) or iron (III) chloride have been used, frequently in combination with an additive like an organic base or a surfactant [5].…”