This
work is focused on utilizing fluorescent molecules for sensing
the methanol content in (bio)fuels. Multichromophoric polypyridyl
ligands with pyrene (1) and anthracene (2) as aryl residues have been synthesized. The twisted geometry of
the probe molecules in both the solid state and aprotic solvents significantly
curtails the electronic communication between the aryl moiety and
pyridyl ligand (terpyridine). However, the excited-state hydrogen
bonding interactions of methanol with terpyridine nitrogens result
in the formation of a nearly planar conformation with larger charge
separation. Thus, a broad “structureless” fluorescence
spectrum was observed specifically in methanol with an exceptionally
large Stokes shift (detection limit: 0.13%). However, the extent of
redshift was found to be attributed to the angle of twisting as well
as the electronic nature of the aryl moiety. Considering its high
sensitivity, probe 1 is utilized for the detection of methanol impurity
in soy-based biodiesel samples, like B100, B20, and so on. Interference
studies indicate that the presence of competitive byproducts, such
as monoglycerides and diglycerides, or unconsumed starting materials,
such as fatty acid methyl esters poses no serious threats in methanol
detection. Finally, the methanol-specific fluorescence response has
been utilized to design paper strips for on-location detection of
methanol contamination in biofuel samples.