Vapor Pressures of Phenolic Compounds Found in Pyrolysis Oil

Abstract

Oil produced from pyrolysis of Kukersite oil shale and lignocellulosic biomass both contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds. Here we present new experimental vapor pressure data for two such compounds (4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol and 5-methylresorcinol) and also for a mixture of phenolic compounds extracted from pyrolysis oil (Honeyol TM ). Vapor pressure data was measured by high pressure differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in accordance with the ASTM E 1782 standard test method. The measurements were conducted in the pressure range from 0.89 kPa to atmospheric pressure. The measured temperature ranges for the vapor pressure were 374.5 to 509.1 K for 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 428.0 to 565.0 K for Honeyol TM and 429.4 to 565.8 K for 5-methylresorcinol. Density data for 4-ethyl-2methoxyphenol were also measured at 293.15 to 363.15 K. The experimental vapor pressure and density data for 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol were fitted using the PC-SAFT equation of state, and the vapor pressure data for the other compounds was fit using the Antoine equation. Enthalpies of vaporization were also calculated. The properties of these compounds were then compared to literature data for other pure phenolic compounds and mixtures of the phenolic compounds from Kukersite shale oil. This comparison indicates that some pure compounds, such as 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, could be used as model compounds for estimating the properties of the phenolic portion of pyrolysis oil.

Heat Capacity, Density, Vapor Pressure, and Enthalpy of Vaporization of Propyl Cinnamate

“…Experimental data concerning vapor pressure of propyl cinnamate from 419.15 to 559.15 K are presented in Table 3. The variation of the vapor pressure with experimental temperature is shown in Figure 2 in which the smooth line is obtained by the Antoine equation 27…”

“…Experimental data concerning vapor pressure of propyl cinnamate from 419.15 to 559.15 K are presented in Table . The variation of the vapor pressure with experimental temperature is shown in Figure in which the smooth line is obtained by the Antoine equation where p represents vapor pressure, T represents the absolute temperature, and the Antoine constants A , B , and C are obtained by the First Optimization (1stOpt) software which combines the Levenberg–Marquardt (L–M) algorithm and the global optimization algorithm . Values of A , B , and C , root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), and average absolute relative deviation (ARD) of vapor pressure are shown in Table .…”

A Predictive Approach towards Using PC-SAFT for Modeling the Properties of Shale Oil

“…Although some basic property prediction correlations developed for petroleum could also be used for shale oil [4], in general, proposed correlations and models developed for petroleum do not essentially lead to accurate results for shale oil [5][6][7][8]. Therefore, these models are usually not suitable for shale oil, and more specifically for Kukersite shale oil, due to differences in composition [9]. Information about the properties of shale oil is limited, and thus, from an engineering point of view, developing such prediction models would be beneficial.…”

Composition of gas from pyrolysis of Estonian oil shale with various sweep gases

“…Estonia, for instance, has been producing heat, electricity and power as well as diesel fuel from oil shale for almost a century already, while its respective reserves make up only 1.1% of the world reserves [4]. However, the continual use of fossil fuels causes an increase in the emission of greenhouse gases into the environment, which leads to climate change [5]. Studying various aspects of the processing of oil shale would be helpful to assess and mitigate the environmental risks [6].…”