Vapour deposition technologies for the fabrication of hot-forming tools: a review

Abstract

This paper reports recent developments of vacuum coatings technologies for hot-forming tooling applications. Whilst well implanted in the machining and cutting industry, vacuum coatings face important challenges for the fabrication of forming tools, and more specifically in hot forming, due to the extreme operation conditions to be met, such as high loading forces, impact/thermal cycling, working material adhesion, etc. Present and future coatings adapted to hot work tooling are discussed in this paper: transition metal nitrides, carbon nitrides, borides and mixed oxides are among the currently postulated coating formulations for high temperature forming. The study is complemented with current strategies of characterizing the properties of the coatings in the adequate environment of high temperatures and contact loadings. To this aspect, a number of examples, from using standard laboratory equipment to the use of in-house developed tribological setups , are given, together with recent findings obtained from the authors' research groups. The data available is, however, quite limited from the scientific literatures on the field trials with reliable, statistical relevance, which is, probably, attributed to the high costs normally incurred for carrying out experiments in real industrial environment. Nevertheless, we could still draw a conclusion of that vacuum coating for tooling applications is at a front edge of knowledge generation and technology transfer to industry, and while being already mature, there is still a needed effort for significant industrial uptake from the novel coatings developed or being under the development.

Influence of deposition conditions on the composition of tantalum coatings

“…1 , Ладьянов В. И. 1 , Балдаев Л. Х. 2 В данной работе был проведен анализ покрытий из тантала, полученных методом химического газофазного осаждения в реакторах с «горячими» и с «холодными» стенками.…”

“…Широко применяемые газофазные методы осаждения [1,2], позволяют получать материалы и покрытия высокой чистоты, а также управлять составом и структурой покрытий. При газофазном осаждении конденсация компонентов покрытий на поверхности изделий может проводиться физическими методами (PVD -Physical Vapour Deposition) [3 -5] или методами химического осаждения (СVD -Chemical Vapour Deposition) [6 -9].…”

Self-repairing and tribological behaviour of steel–steel friction pairs lubricated with an oil with magnesium silicate hydrosilicate as additive

“…Metal abrasion is one of three main causes to the failures of machine parts. There are many methods existing that help to reduce wear [1][2][3][4][5][6], such as rationalization of the structural designs, using lubricants, surface treatments, including coatings. Each of these methods has its own merits and limitations.…”

D-shell of iron atom of the amorphous FeCr15B15alloy effective charge change during the crystallization

“…The increase of an amorphous alloys temperature stability leads to a broadening their application range, including the using as a covering for cutting tools [7][8][9]. Possible using of metal glasses as an intermediate layer in multilayer nanostructured coatings is also actual [10][11][12]. An important advantage, in this case is the absence of crystal structure that makes it possible [13][14][15][16] for them to serve as a transition layer between the substrate and the nanostructured covering, damping the difference between crystal structures of the substrate and the covering, and the difference between their thermal expansion coefficients.…”