VAR²: Novel Vehicular Ad-Hoc Reliable Routing Approach for Compatible and Trustworthy Paradigm

A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches

“…Adaptively chooses intersections through which data packets reach their destinations and improves the QoS on the basis of delay, connection probability, and PDR [105] Discusses the packet loss ratio minimization by optimally distributing video packets on multiple routes [106] Proposes a spider web based transmission mechanism to deal with emergency data in VANETs [107] Studies the proactive Fisheye source VANET protocol considering speed, altitude, QoS, etc., in a real traffic scenario [108] The reliability is ensured by selecting trustworthy and compatible routes with the minimum additional communications [109] The proposed routing approach leads to the reduction of the latency, enhancement of the delivery ratio, and minimization of the network overhead [110] Maintains a QoS guaranteed routing following a stable matching based routing approach that minimizes the end-to-end delay by using the best forwarder device [111] Discusses route discovery in V2X communications and highlights that DSDV must be preferred to AODV when V2X communications are performed various management protocols is presented in [113], along with issues pertaining to 5G networks. In that work, a brief description of existing VANET models, applications, classifications, benefits, and drawbacks are also presented.…”

“…Single-packet losses are also taken into consideration, and a store-carry-forward protocol is used to retransmit packets stored in local buffers. In [108], routing reliability is ensured by selecting trustworthy and compatible routes considering minimum additional communications. Two very important goals are tackled by [109]: latency reduction delivery ratio enhancement, and the minimization of network overhead.…”

“…(1) Impact of store-carry-forward mechanism on the network performance is not highlighted, (2) Protocol overhead Kumbhar et al [108] The reliability in routing is ensured by selecting trustworthy and compatible routes considering the minimum additional communications in the network Lack of details of the impact of irregular and high node mobility Hossain et al [122] (1) Stability of route, (2) High data transmission success rate (1) Lack of details of the impact of network congestion, (2) Security and privacy issues Hawbani et al [109] (1) Reduction of the latency, (2) Enhancement of successful delivery ratio, (3) Minimization of the network overhead…”

An efficient and reliable service customized routing mechanism based on deep learning in IPv6 network

“…In multi‐hop and multi‐path VANETs, Kumbhar et al. [36] ensured reliability by selecting compatible and trustworthy routes with minimum additional communications. Ullah et al.…”

“…Ergun et al [35] proposed a novel adaptive and distributed reliability-aware routing protocol based on reinforcement learning to mitigate the reliability degradation of IoT devices and improve the network mean time to failure. In multi-hop and multipath VANETs, Kumbhar et al [36] ensured reliability by selecting compatible and trustworthy routes with minimum additional communications. Ullah et al [37] proposed a new Energy-efficient and Reliable Routing Scheme (ERRS) based on adaptive static clustering routing, which could enhance the stability period and reliability for resource-constrained by the forwarder node selection and forwarder node rotation methods.…”