This study examines fava bean production in the Curimataú Oriental Microregion (PB) from 2012 to 2022, highlighting its socio-economic importance and sustainability challenges. The objective is to evaluate the development of the crop, identify obstacles, and propose solutions to enhance production. The methodology included analyzing IBGE data on planted area, harvested area, production quantity, and average yield. The results show an increase in planted area from 266 hectares in 2012 to 635 hectares in 2022. The harvested area varied from 124 hectares in 2012 to 635 hectares in 2022. The production quantity increased from 21 tons in 2012 to 213 tons in 2022. The average yield varied from 169 kg/ha- in 2012 to 335 kg/ha- in 2022. However, challenges such as water scarcity, pests, diseases, lack of technical assistance, and poor infrastructure impact sustainability. The climatic variability of the semi-arid region necessitates efficient agricultural practices, such as drip irrigation and integrated pest and disease management. In summary, fava bean production in the study microregion has great potential to contribute to socio-economic development and food security. To ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness, efficient agricultural practices, investments in research and development, and infrastructure improvements are necessary. Collaboration among farmers, researchers, public and private institutions is essential to overcome challenges and seize opportunities, building a resilient and sustainable fava bean production chain.