Variabilité de quelques caractères biochimiques des fruits deSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst. au Burkina Faso

Abstract

Variability of some biochemical traits of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. fruits in Burkina Faso. Abstract-Introduction. Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. birrea is an indigenous fruit tree very widespread in Burkina Faso. Although very appreciated by the rural populations for its fruit, it remains not domesticated and underutilized. Until now, studies regarding fruit variation and quality have been focused on S. birrea subsp. caffra originating in Southern Africa. Materials and methods. Fruit biochemical composition of 106 Sclerocarya birrea trees was studied in Burkina Faso along a North-South transect (climatic gradient) starting from five quantitative characters of the fruit and seed. The reducing sugar and total sugar rate, the total free acidity content and the [total free acidity / total soluble sugars] ratio were defined for the pulp. The lipid content of seeds was measured. Results and discussion. For the studied characters, the analysis of the results highlighted a great inter-and intra-population variability. The inter-population variability is explained by the climatic gradient which characterizes the sampling zone. Conclusion. The highlighted variability of the S. birrea subsp. birrea fruit composition could be used as a basis for a breeding program. Burkina Faso / Sclerocarya birrea / fruits / proximate composition / chemical composition / site factors / agroclimatic zones Variabilité de quelques caractères biochimiques des fruits de Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. au Burkina Faso. Résumé-Introduction. Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. birrea est un fruitier sauvage très répandu au Burkina Faso. Bien que très apprécié par les populations rurales, il demeure non domestiqué et sous utilisé. Jusqu'à présent, les études sur la variation et la qualité des fruits se sont concentrées sur la sous espèce caffra, originaire de l'Afrique australe. Matériel et méthodes. La composition biochimique des fruits de 106 arbres de Sclerocarya birrea au Burkina Faso a été étudiée le long d'un transect Nord-Sud (gradient climatique) traversant le Burkina Faso à partir de cinq caractères quantitatifs du fruit et de la graine. Le taux en sucres totaux et en sucres réducteurs, la teneur en acidité libre totale et le rapport [acidité libre totale / sucres solubles totaux] ont été définis dans la pulpe. La teneur en lipides des graines a été déterminée. Résultats et discussion. Pour les caractères étudiés, l'analyse des résultats a mis en évidence une grande variabilité inter-et intra-population. La variabilité inter-population s'explique par le gradient climatique qui caractérise la zone d'échantillonnage. Conclusion. La variabilité de la composition des fruits de Sclerocarya birrea subsp. birrea mise en évidence pourra servir de base pour un programme d'amélioration. Burkina Faso / Sclerocarya birrea / fruits / composition globale / composition chimique / facteur lié au site/ zone agroclimatique 1 Lab. Génét. Biotechnol. Vég.

Genetic diversity of Sclerocarya birrea subspecies birrea populations in Burkina Faso detected by RAPDs

“…The dendrogram established for all individuals genotyped, divided S. birrea populations in four groups without reference to site or climatic zone. RAPD polymorphisms of S. birrea obtained in the present report suggested that the intra and inter populations variation previously described for morphological and biochemical characteristics (Bationo- Kando et al, 2008Kando et al, , 2009 were probably associated with environmental than genetics factors. Only environmental conditions are likely to cause a gradual degradation of S. birrea populations and its genetic erosion.…”

“…The characteristics of climate and ecological eleven sites are given in the Table 1. 85 of 138 plants of S. birrea previously studied morphologically and biochemically (Bationo- Kando et al, 2008Kando et al, , 2009 were genetically characterized.…”

Nutrient composition of selected indigenous fruits from sub‐Saharan Africa

“…subsp. birrea and caffra ), but information about this was hardly ever indicated in the reviewed papers, apart from Bationo/Kando et al ., who stated that the data were for S. birrea subsp. birrea .…”

Productivity characteristics and development strategies of <i>Sclerocarya birrea</i> in Burkina Faso

“…The higher productivity of this fruit species and its presence in the form of plant communities, account for the commercial and industrial exploitation of its fruit. Bationo-Kando et al (2009) showed that the mean sugar content of the fruit pulp was comparable with industrially exploited mangoes in Burkina Faso. Additionally, when compared with the reference seeds such as peanut, shea nut (Leakey, 1999), Sclerocarya birrea kernels had a more lipid content.…”

“…However, studies to date, have focused on genetic diversity (Bationo-Kando et al, 2012), morphology (Bationo-Kando et al, 2008), anatomy (Sérémé, 1996;Diallo et al, 2006), or on the physicochemical composition of S. birrea the fruit (Bationo-Kando et al, 2009). On the other hand, data on the production and exploitation of the plant, by rural and urban populations, are still basic or non-existent.…”