Variability and population biology of Melampsora rusts on poplars.

Abstract

There are eight Melampsora species infecting poplars in Europe (Pinon, 1973; Cellerino, 1999). Three of them, M. laricipopulina, M. allii-populina, and M. medusae are pathogenic on the poplars of the sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca, i.e. P. nigra, P. deltoides, P. trichocarpa, and their interspecific hybrids. Most of the commercial poplar cultivation in Europe is made of P. × euramericana (P. deltoides × P. nigra) and P. × interamericana (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) hybrids. Rust was the most damaging disease of poplars in the past decade (Chapter 12, this volume). Five other Melampsora species, M. pinitorqua, M. larici-tremulae, M. rostrupii, M. magnusiana, and M. pulcherrima, are pathogenic on species of the Populus (formerly Leuce) section, i.e. P. alba, P. tremula, and their hybrids. Although these five species are difficult to distinguish, since they have in common evenly echinulated urediniospores, Pinon (1973) proposed a diagnosis key based on the morphology of the urediniospores and the paraphyses. Some authors follow the proposal of Wilson and Henderson (1966) to adopt M. populnea as a

Few Mendelian Genes Underlie the Quantitative Response of a Forest Tree, Eucalyptus globulus, to a Natural Fungal Epidemic

“…The literature abounds with examples from crop plants (e.g., Cowger et al 2000;Talukder et al 2004) and forest trees such as poplar (e.g., Pinon 1995;Frey et al 2005) of breeding programs concentrating on selection for major genes controlling qualitative race-specific resistance, only for the pathogen to evolve new virulent types, resulting in the resistance being overcome. However, although the genetic basis of durable resistance is not fully understood, it is believed that durable host resistance is often conferred by minor genes (Newcombe 1998).…”

Susceptibilidad de híbridos de Populus spp. al ataque de áfidos y roya en tres localidades de Chile

“…Los daños se basan, principalmente, en la defoliación de las plantas tanto en los viveros como en plantaciones, siendo en Europa Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. la responsable de la mayor parte de las pérdidas económicas en las plantaciones de álamo (Frey et al 2005). A diferencia del caso de C. leucomelas, no hay estudios publicados en Chile respecto de la variación en susceptibilidad a Melampsora spp.…”

“…(Newcombe et al 1996), la severidad de los patotipos de Melampsora spp. (Pinon 1992, Frey et al 2005) y las características de los plantaciones (Toome et al 2010).…”

Poplar rust systematics and refinement of Melampsora species delineation

“…. A few illustrated taxonomic keys to recognize and identify Melampsora species on poplar have been published but solely at the level of individual countries or specific geographical regions Cummins 1943Cummins , 1950Ziller 1955;Kuprevich and Tranzschel 1957;Arthur and Cummins 1962;Pinon 1973;Hiratsuka and Sato 1982;Shang et al 1986;Shain 1988;Cellerino 1999;Tian et al 2004;Frey et al 2005;Sharma 2005;Liang et al 2006). As no previous study or review has considered all described Melampsora poplar rust species together, a summary is presented in the next section.…”

“…Molecular phylogenies confirmed the genetic separation of the genus Melampsora from the other genera (Coleosporium, Melampsoridium and Pucciniastrum) previously included in the Melampsoraceae (Maier et al 2003;Aime 2006). However, the phylogenetic relationship of Melampsora to the rest of the Pucciniales is still under debate (Maier et al 2003;Frey et al 2005;Sharma et al 2005;Aime 2006).…”