Variability in Calling Signals of the Planthopper Javesella Pellucida (F.) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in Relation to Temperature, and Consequences for Species Recognition During Distant Communication

Duetting Behaviour in the Leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

“…In the treehopper Enchenopa binotata (Say) females use the end of the whine element in male signal to trigger the emission of their vibrational reply and they respond with a species-specific response delay (Rodríguez and Cocroft 2006). In the planthopper Javesella pellucida (F.) majority of females start to reply before the conclusion of male signal and the timing of the female reply in this species is highly variable and, at least to some extent, temperature dependent (de Vrijer 1984). The facts that A. makarovi females always start to respond before the male signal is finished and that the majority start replying in the last section indicate that female response may be triggered by the elements in the previous parts or by the beginning of the last section.…”

“…Although detailed information is in most cases lacking, the onset of the female vibrational reply before the conclusion of the male call has been observed in the planthopper genus Javesella (Strübing and Hasse 1975;de Vrijer 1984), in G. nigrifrons (Hunt et al 1992), E. binotata (Rodríguez andCocroft 2006), psyllid genera Schedotrioza and Trioza (Percy et al 2006) and in stoneflies (Stewart and Sandberg 2006). In the treehopper E. binotata and in psyllids male calls are relatively short (up to 1.5 s).…”

“…In contrast, in the stonefly Paraperla wilsoni Ricker a male call is several seconds long, continuous signal and the female reply is completely embedded within it (Stewart et al 1995). Similarly, in the planthopper J. pellucida (F.) and in the leafhopper G. nigrifrons male vibrational calls are long (10-25 s) and females regularly start responding before the male signal is finished (de Vrijer 1984;Hunt et al 1992). Although it has been noted that in the presence of a responding female, the leafhopper male calls continuously as he walks to the female (Heady and Nault 1991), due to the lack of detailed information about male behaviour, the influence of the timing of female reply on male searching behaviour in these two species it is not clear.…”

“…Calling signals are defined as signals that are produced spontaneously by isolated males (de Vrijer 1984). Twenty-five behavioural tests with A. makarovi males from all ten localities were performed on a knapweed (Centaurea jacea) cutting (30 cm high) with two to three leaves at the room temperature (20-25°C) and 50% relative humidity.…”

Rapid diversification of sexual signals in HawaiianNesosydneplanthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): the relative role of neutral and selective forces

“…Planthoppers in the Delphacidae family use substrateborne signals to locate and court mates (Ossiannilsson, 1949;Ichikawa, 1976;de Vrijer, 1984;Claridge, 1985a, b;Claridge & de Vrijer, 1985). Planthopper courtship signals consist of a 'whine' portion followed by a series of pulses ( Fig.…”