Variability in clubhead presentation characteristics and ball impact location for golfers' drives

Betzler, Nils F.; Monk, Stuart; Wallace, Eric S.; Otto, Steve R.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.653981

Cited by 51 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Data reduction All data analysis was carried out in Matlab (R2014a, The Mathworks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA). The clubhead model was based on a previously validated method (Betzler, Monk, Wallace, & Otto, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor abundance and control structure in the golf swing

Morrison

McGrath

Wallace

2016

Human Movement Science

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Variability and control structure are under-represented areas of golf swing research. This study investigated the use of the abundant degrees of freedom in the golf swing of high and intermediate skilled golfers using uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis. The variance parallel to (V UCM ) and orthogonal to (V Orth ) the UCM with respect to the orientation and location of the clubhead were calculated. The higher skilled golfers had proportionally higher values of V UCM than lower skilled players for all measured outcome variables. Motor synergy was found in the control of the orientation of the clubhead and the combined outcome variables but not for clubhead location. Clubhead location variance zeroed-in on impact as has been previously shown, whereas clubhead orientation variance increased near impact. Both skill levels increased their control over the clubhead location leading up to impact, with more control exerted over the clubhead orientation in the early downswing. The results suggest that to achieve higher skill levels in golf may not lie simply in optimal technique, but may lie more in developing control over the abundant degrees of freedom in the body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor abundance and control structure in the golf swing

Morrison

McGrath

Wallace

2016

Human Movement Science

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“…The clubhead presentation parameters are measured by a Qualisys camera system as described previously. 10 Procedures After a self-selected warm-up with their own driver club, each participant was allocated a 'matched' driver test club with a shaft flex rating similar to their own club and asked to hit 15 shots from their preferred teeing height and position on artificial turf within a building aiming at a target flag, located approximately 200 m down the driving range.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between driver clubhead presentation characteristics, ball launch conditions and golf shot outcomes

Betzler

Monk

Wallace

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of clubhead presentation on golf ball launch conditions and the subsequent shot outcome. Clubhead presentation was measured using a three-dimensional motion capture system for both male and female golfers across a range of skill levels. A Doppler radar was used to track the golf ball during its flight, yielding speed, launch angles, spin rate and distance. Importantly, the measurements of clubhead and ball quantities were taken independently so that any inter-relationships could be evaluated without recourse to any preconceived models. This article provides values for the median launch conditions and shot outcome, and the associated variability in these quantities for golfers was grouped by handicap category and gender. It was shown that the variability in certain outcome quantities was more linked to golfing ability than others. Linear regression was used to demonstrate that differences in clubhead presentation resulted in changes to ball launch conditions as one might expect from physical analysis. Furthermore, the link between the variability in clubhead presentation and the variability in shot outcome was demonstrated. In particular, the importance of impact location variability in determining launch angle and total distance variability was shown.

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“…This makes the golf ball to travel a substantial distance through the air along the target line, accompanied by a strong back spin. 1,2 The principles of a superior swing skill for an effective impact should include swing speed and impact precision. Many previous studies have examined the performance of golf swing 3 with focus on upper body or lower body motion or on swing speed without probing how to perform a precise impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determine an effective golf swing by swing speed and impact precision tests

Wang

Yang

et al. 2015

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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Background: To understand an effective golf swing, both swing speed and impact precision must be thoroughly and simultaneously examined. The aim of this study was to perform both swing speed test and impact precision test to ascertain what swing type determines an effective impact. Methods: Seven golfers from a college team (handicap: 0e12) were recruited to complete a swing speed test and impact precision test using a 5 iron club. A force plate and electromyography (EMG) system were used to collect data in the swing speed test to compare the difference between two motion sequences. High speed video cameras were used to determine the displacement of rotation center for impact precision test. Results: The results showed a significant difference ( p < 0.01) in clubhead speed with different motion sequences and muscle contraction patterns. In the impact precision test, the displacement of the rotation center which defined as the inner center point of the C7 was significantly different ( p < 0.05) between different ball impacted marks on club face. Conclusion: The vertical peak ground reaction force on left foot occurring before impact and the left latissimus dorsi contracting prior to the right pectoralis major represent a superior skill by allowing the club to strike the ball with normal collision at a faster speed.

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Variability in clubhead presentation characteristics and ball impact location for golfers' drives

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Motor abundance and control structure in the golf swing

Motor abundance and control structure in the golf swing

The relationships between driver clubhead presentation characteristics, ball launch conditions and golf shot outcomes

Determine an effective golf swing by swing speed and impact precision tests

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