Variability in Hypericum Perforatum L. Breeding Lines

Franke, R.; Schenk, Regina; Bauermann, U.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1999.502.26

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Regarding flavonglycosides content, Franke et al (1999) indicated two distinct H. perforatum forms: plants with a high content of rutin and hyperoside and plants with a very low content of rutin but with a high content of hyperoside and isoquercitrine. We have observed two accessions with high rutin (12.17-15.02 mg/g) and hyperoside+ isoquercetrin (41.05-44.00 mg/g) concentrations, while one accession was distinguished by low amount of rutin (0.19 mg/g) and high content of hyperoside+isoquercetrin (33.43 mg/g).…”

Section: Variability Of Chemical Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Chemical Evaluation on Hypericum Perforatum and H. Maculatum in Lithuania

RaduÅ¡ienÃ©¹,

Bagdonaitė²,

Kazlauskas³

2004

Acta Hortic.

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An increasing demand for Hyperici herba has caused the evaluation of this genus in all Europe. Hypericum perforatum L. and H. maculatum Cranz are common species in Lithuania. The aim of the investigations was to examine indigenous populations and field accessions of these species in respect to morphological characters and chemical constituents. The results of evaluation revealed high morphological diversity in both species. The t-test comparison showed the difference of characters from wild and field. The content of flavonoids and hypericin varied highly in species, different accessions, and parts of the plant. Significant differences were detected in the mean concentrations of quercetin, hypericin, rutin and hyperoside+isoquercetrin in flowers and leaves of both species. The flavonoid content appeared to be more constant character in both species. The poorer growth and lower mean concentrations of secondary metabolites were discovered in H. maculatum. The germplasm of Hypericum may be a potential source of genetic variation to allow selecting the valuable material for breeding.

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Section: Variability Of Chemical Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Chemical Evaluation on Hypericum Perforatum and H. Maculatum in Lithuania

RaduÅ¡ienÃ©¹,

Bagdonaitė²,

Kazlauskas³

2004

Acta Hortic.

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“…Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae = Guttiferae) is presently considered as one of the few economic plants that has successfully completed the transition from noxious weed to wild collected resource and then to cultivated crop. Because of its well-established market position, its popularity and efficacy, St. John’s Wort (SJW) is reputed as one of the best-selling herbs of the last decade, despite a recent negative trend: in 1998 its market value exceeded 570 million US$ worldwide and 200 million US$ solely in the USA and several hundreds of cultivated hectares are nowadays available in Europe [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], where the market request for crude SJW drug in 1999 was above 5,000 t [ 6 ]. According to the US and the EC Pharmacopoeias, the crude drug consists of the dried flowering tops or aerial parts of the plant, at present coming almost exclusively from field-grown plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk of the SJW phytocomplex is characterized by a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites ( Table 1 ) and major constituents encompass mostly polyphenols like naphthodianthrones (hypericin, pseudohypericin and three less abundant – up to 50-fold lower – derivatives, namely protopseudohypericin, cyclopseudohypericin and protohypericin); flavonoids (hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin); biflavones (amentoflavone, biapigenin); phenylpropanes (chlorogenic acid); acylphloroglucinols (hyperforin, adhyperforin) and an essential oil rich in sesquiterpenes [ 8 ]. Aminoacids like glutamin, asparagin, arginin and neurotransmitters like GABA have also been found in noticeable amounts [ 6 ], while a melatonin-rich germplasm-line has been selected, albeit only in vitro [ 9 ]. However, a substantial survey of content and variability of such substances is lacking at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Polyphenol Biosynthesis in Wild and Field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae)

2009

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The increasing diffusion of herbal products is posing new questions: why are products so often different in their composition and efficacy? Which approach is more suitable to increase the biochemical productivity of medicinal plants with large-scale, low-cost solutions? Can the phytochemical profile of a medicinal plant be modulated in order to increase the accumulation of its most valuable constituents? Will polyphenol-rich medicinal crops ever be traded as commodities? Providing a proactive answer to such questions is an extremely hard task, due to the large number of variables involved: intraspecific chemodiversity, plant breeding, ontogenetic stage, post-harvest handling, biotic and abiotic factors, to name but a few. An ideal path in this direction should include the definition of optimum pre-harvesting and post-harvesting conditions and the availability of specific Good Agricultural Practices centered on secondary metabolism enhancement. The first steps to be taken are undoubtedly the evaluation and the organization of scattered data regarding the diverse factors involved in the optimization of medicinal plant cultivation, in order to provide an interdisciplinary overview of main possibilities, weaknesses and drawbacks. This review is intended to be a synopsis of the knowledge on this regard focused on Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae/Guttiferae) secondary metabolites of phenolic origin, with the aim to provide a reference and suggest an evolution towards the maximization of St. John's Wort bioactive constituents. Factors considered emerged not only from in-field agronomic results, but also from physiological, genetical, biotic, abiotic and phytochemical data that could be scaled up to the application level. To increase quality for final beneficiaries, growers’ profits and ultimately transform phenolic-rich medicinal crops into commodities, the emerging trend suggests an integrated and synergic approach. Agronomy and genetics will need to develop their breeding strategies taking account of the suggestions of phytochemistry, biochemistry, pharmacognosy and pharmacology, without losing sight of the economic balance of the production.

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“…Along with growing research interest in the medicinal properties of H. perforatum and its cultivation as a crop, there is also a growing body of reports on genetic investigations (Barcaccia et al, 2006; Mayo and Langridge, 2003; Matzk et al, 2001; Percifield et al, 2007), and germplasm collection and cultivar development (Bruni and Sacchetti, 2009; Franke et al, 1999; Gaudin et al, 2002; Mayo and Langridge, 2003). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of breeding systems, ploidy, and the role of hexaploids in three Hypericum perforatum L. populations

Widrlechner

Rigby

2010

Industrial Crops and Products

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Hexaploid seeds are produced by predominantly tetraploid populations of Hypericum perforatum, but the fate of hexaploid seedlings and their reproductive behavior have not been closely examined. We used flow cytometry to analyze single seeds and individual plant samples of three accessions of H. perforatum to determine ploidy levels and reproductive pathways. Seed samples of all three accessions were facultative apomicts, with tetraploid cytotype predominant (85-91%) and a lower frequency of hexaploids (9-14%), with diploids (5%) detected in only one population. Seedling populations consisted of tetraploids (87-97%) and hexaploids (3-13%). Hexaploid embryos are most likely generated by a 2n gamete of the tetraploid and fertilized by a normal, reduced tetraploid male gamete. These hexaploids are expected to produce unbalanced gametes because they possess chromosome complements that include two triploid sets originally derived from two different species. The observation that some tetraploid seeds had endosperm with high cellular DNA content indicates that some unbalanced male gametes produced by hexaploids were evidently viable and could effect fertilization. Whether this mechanism is also true for egg cells or whether the hexaploids are capable of producing unreduced embryo sacs is uncertain. Because of severe reproductive difficulties, hexaploid seedlings may play a very minor role in gene flow and the further evolution of H. perforatum. The likelihood that hexaploids will evolve to types with an increased frequency of bivalent paring in meiosis is relatively low. However, hexaploids may include novel chemotypes, which could be vegetatively propagated if valuable, medicinal types can be identified among them. We used flow cytometry to analyze single seeds and individual plant samples of three accessions of H. perforatum to determine ploidy levels and reproductive pathways. Seed samples of all three accessions were facultative apomicts, with tetraploid cytotype predominant (85-91%) and a lower frequency of hexaploids (9-14%), with diploids (5%) detected in only one population. Seedling populations consisted of tetraploids (87-97%) and hexaploids (3-13%). Hexaploid embryos are most likely generated by a 2n gamete of the tetraploid and fertilized by a normal, reduced tetraploid male gamete. These hexaploids are expected to produce unbalanced gametes because they possess chromosome complements that include two triploid sets originally derived from two different species. The observation that some tetraploid seeds had endosperm with high cellular DNA content indicates that some unbalanced male gametes produced by hexaploids were evidently viable and could effect fertilization. Whether this mechanism is also true for egg cells or whether the hexaploids are capable of producing unreduced embryo sacs is uncertain. Because of severe reproductive difficulties, hexaploid seedlings may play a very minor role in gene flow and the further evolution of H. perforatum. The likelihood that hexaploids will evolve to types wi...

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Variability in Hypericum Perforatum L. Breeding Lines

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological and Chemical Evaluation on Hypericum Perforatum and H. Maculatum in Lithuania

Morphological and Chemical Evaluation on Hypericum Perforatum and H. Maculatum in Lithuania

Factors Affecting Polyphenol Biosynthesis in Wild and Field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae)

Analysis of breeding systems, ploidy, and the role of hexaploids in three Hypericum perforatum L. populations

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