Variability in Media Content of Public Health Outbreak Coverage: A Crisis Communication Approach

Crisis management of interdependent systems, communication and coordination: A perspective on medium‐scale events

“…The primary research focus is on large-scale extreme, sudden and attention-grabbing events, sometimes described as focusing events, that refocus the public policy agenda and trigger policy changes (Ansell et al, 2010;Birkland, 1998;Helsloot et al, 2012;Sellnow & Seeger, 2021;Ulmer et al, 2007). It is not clear how medium-scale events function to create awareness of risks or how the aggregated experience of such events may influence resilience by altering emergency preparedness activities, communication, crisis learning and management processes (Islam et al, 2022(Islam et al, , 2023Liu et al, 2021;O'Donovan, 2017).…”

“…While some of these events can be treated as large-scale mega crises (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic, September 11 terrorists' attack, Super Storm Sandy), others are not necessarily as large scale nor do they necessarily serve as focusing events that influence the public policy agenda (Birkland, 1998;Birkland & Warnement, 2014;DeLeo et al, 2021;Helsloot et al, 2012;Islam et al, 2023;Ulmer et al, 2017).…”

“…Crisis investigations increasingly recognize the importance of event scale. This includes describing the various dimensions of scale and associated strategies for the management of crises based on scale (Boin, 2019;Coombs, 2021;Islam et al, 2023;Sellnow & Seeger, 2021). The primary research focus is on large-scale extreme, sudden and attention-grabbing events, sometimes described as focusing events, that refocus the public policy agenda and trigger policy changes (Ansell et al, 2010;Birkland, 1998;Helsloot et al, 2012;Sellnow & Seeger, 2021;Ulmer et al, 2007).…”