“…The concept of Cd-excluding cultivars is based on the theory that there is a significant difference in the uptake and distribution of toxic elements among crop species and cultivars within the same species, which has been clearly illustrated by several studies (Arivalagan et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2007;Fernandez-Ruiz, Olives, Camara, Sanchez-Mata, & Torija, 2011;Galdon, Gonzalez, Rodriguez, & Romero, 2008;Galdon et al, 2012;Singh, Sharma, & Singh, 2012). Differences in Cd accumulation levels among plant cultivars indicate variability in uptake and/or translocation of elements, including but not limited to Cd.…”