Variability in particle attenuation and chlorophyll fluorescence in the tropical Pacific: Scales, patterns, and biogeochemical implications

Claustre, Hervé; Morel, A.; Babin, Marcel; Cailliau, Caroline; Marie, Dominique; Marty, Jean-Claude; Tailliez, Dominique; Vaulot, Daniel

doi:10.1029/98jc01334

Cited by 141 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Notably, heterotrophic prokaryotes were more important contributors to b p than to a p , because their mean b / a was ϳ31 considering both seasons, whereas the ratio for eukaryotic phytoplankton and Synechococcus was ϳ6 (Table 3). This was a direct result of heterotrophic prokaryotes having lower values of nЈ than phytoplankton, but similar values of n. Similar to findings in the equatorial Pacific for Case 1 waters (DuRand and Olson 1996;Claustre et al 1999), in the present study (which includes both Case 1 and Case 2 waters), eukaryotic phytoplankton and nonphytoplankton were the most important contributors to beam attenuation by particles, c p ϭ a p ϩ b p , with Synechococcus and heterotrophic prokaryotes being relatively less important optically. In simulations of oligotrophic waters, Stramski and Kiefer (1991) and Stramski et al (2001) found that heterotrophic prokaryotes and nonphytoplankton were more important contributors to b than phytoplankton.…”

Section: Constituent Contributions Tosupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Flow cytometry has been used to enumerate and distinguish specific groups of particles, and advances have been made toward determining distributions of particle D, n, and nЈ with application to determining particle contributions to IOPs (Ackleson and Spinrad 1988;Olson et al 1989;Perry and Porter 1989;Olson et al 1993;Marie et al 1997;DuRand and Olson 1998;Claustre et al 1999;Green et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Contributions of phytoplankton and other particles to inherent optical properties in New England continental shelf waters

Green

Sosik

Olson

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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Variability in upper ocean optical properties is often driven by changes in the particle pool. We investigated the effects of such changes by characterizing individual particles. For particles in natural assemblages, we used a combination of Mie theory and flow cytometry to determine diameter (D), complex refractive index (n ϩ inЈ), and optical cross-sections at 488 nm. Particles were grouped into categories of eukaryotic pico/nanophytoplankton, Synechococcus, heterotrophic prokaryotes, detritus, and minerals to interpret variability in concurrently measured bulk inherent optical properties (IOPs) in New England continental shelf waters during two seasons. The summed contributions of individual particles to phytoplankton absorption and particle scattering were close to values for these properties measured independently using bulk methods (87% and 107%, respectively). In surface waters during both seasons, eukaryotic phytoplankton were responsible for the majority of both total particle absorption and total particle scattering. Mineral particles contributed the most to backscattering (b b ) in the spring, whereas in the summer both mineral and detrital particles were important. Synechococcus and heterotrophic prokaryotes never contributed more than 14% to IOPs. Our findings emphasize that the measurement of nonliving particles, including detritus and minerals, is necessary for understanding variability in b b in the ocean, an important quantity in the interpretation of satellite ocean color.

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Section: Constituent Contributions Tosupporting

confidence: 75%

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confidence: 99%

Contributions of phytoplankton and other particles to inherent optical properties in New England continental shelf waters

Green

Sosik

Olson

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…In situ c p measurements have been extensively used to assess the spatio-temporal variability of POC in open ocean waters (Marra et al, 1995;Loisel and Morel, 1998;Claustre et al, 1999;Karageorgis et al, 2008). The conversion factor between c p and POC, namely the attenuation cross section, depends on the refractive index, particle size distribution, shape and internal structure of the particles in suspension.…”

Section: The Bio-optical Environment Of the Particulate Matter At Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the bio-optical anomaly and diurnal variability of particulate matter, as seen from scattering and backscattering coefficients, in ultra-oligotrophic eddies of the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The variability of inherent optical properties is investigated in the ultra-oligotrophic waters of the Mediterranean Sea sampled during the BOUM experiment performed during early summer 2008. Bio-optical relationships found for ultra-oligotrophic waters of the three anticyclonic gyres sampled significantly depart from the mean standard relationships provided for the global ocean, confirming the peculiar character of these Mediterranean waters. These optical anomalies are diversely related to the specific biological and environmental conditions occurring in the studied ecosystem. Specifically, the surface specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient exhibits values lower than those expected from the general relationships mainly in relation with a high contribution of relatively large sized phytoplankton. Conversely, the particulate backscattering coefficient, b bp , values are much higher than the mean standard values for a given chlorophyll-a concentration, TChl-a. This feature can presumably be related to the relevant influence of highly refractive submicrometer particles of Saharan origin in the surface layer of the water column. The present measurements Correspondence to: H. Loisel (hubert.loisel@univ-littoral.fr) also show that the Mediterranean Sea is greener than TChla alone indicates, as already stressed in previous studies. This color anomaly is partly explained by the estimated colored dissolved organic matter and submicrometer particles absorption coefficients, and to a greater extent by the high b bp /TChl-a values assuming that these particles backscatter light similarly in the green and blue parts of the visible spectrum. The diel variation of both the particulate matter attenuation and backscattering coefficients were also investigated specifically. Despite some differences in the timing and the magnitude of the daily oscillations found for these optical parameters, potential for the backscattering coefficient daily oscillation to be used, similarly to that for the attenuation coefficient, as a proxy for estimating carbon community production budget has been highlighted for the first time. This result is particularly relevant for present and future geostationary spatial ocean color missions.

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“…A variety of optical measurements performed by oceanographers during the past 20 y confirm the clarity of the gyre's center (see Claustre et al, 2008). For example, Claustre et al, (1999) and Morel et al (2007) show that photosynthetic-available radiation, the range of light between 400 and 700 nm used by autotrophic organisms, penetrates to a minimum depth of 100-150 meters below sea level (mbsl). The extremely low abundances of organic matter and planktonic tests/frustules are also confirmed by in situ and remote-sensing ocean color sensors that report maximum seasonal total chlorophyll concentrations of 0.02 mg/m 3 for NovemberJanuary and 0.045 mg/m 3 for June-August (Fougnie et al, 2002;Morel and Maritorena, 2001).…”

Section: The World's Clearest Marine Water Secchi Discs and The Joimentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and first deployment of the JOIDES Resolution’s Secchi discs

Hoppie¹,

Bronk²

2011

Proceedings of the IODP

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The Secchi disc is a tool for measuring water transparency. For over a century, the device has been used in pelagic environments to assess surface productivity and overall water purity. Two new Secchi discs were constructed and tested during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 329 for use by staff of the R/V JOIDES Resolution during future expeditions. The results of the initial deployments of the discs during the expedition in the center of the South Pacific Gyre, the world's "clearest" marine water, are presented here.

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Variability in particle attenuation and chlorophyll fluorescence in the tropical Pacific: Scales, patterns, and biogeochemical implications

Cited by 141 publications

References 52 publications

Contributions of phytoplankton and other particles to inherent optical properties in New England continental shelf waters

Contributions of phytoplankton and other particles to inherent optical properties in New England continental shelf waters

Characterization of the bio-optical anomaly and diurnal variability of particulate matter, as seen from scattering and backscattering coefficients, in ultra-oligotrophic eddies of the Mediterranean Sea

Construction and first deployment of the JOIDES Resolution’s Secchi discs

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