Variability in Phenotypic Expression of Seed Quality Traits in Soybean Germplasm

Abstract

Izvorni znanstveni članak Original scientific paper SAŽETAK Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio procijeniti genetsku varijabilnost odabranih linija soje u svojstvima kvalitete zrna utvrđivanjem raznolikosti fenotipske ekspresije za masu 1000 zrna te koncentraciju bjelančevina i ulja u zrnu. Tijekom tri vegetacijske sezone (2010.-2012.), na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek postavljen je poljski pokus s 22 linije soje, u 2 ponavljanja po slučajnome bloknome rasporedu. Svake godine pokusa nakon žetve određena je masa 1000 zrna, koncentracija bjelančevina i koncentracija ulja u zrnu soje, a statistička obrada rezultata tih analiza uključivala je izračun standardnih mjera varijacije i analizu varijance. Nakon završene analize podataka, utvrđena je raznolikost istraživanoga biljnoga materijala u fenotipskoj ekspresiji svojstava kvalitete zrna, odnosno potvrđeno je postojanje genetske varijabilnosti uz statistički značajan utjecaj genotipa i godine.

Improving Seed Quality of Soybean Suitable for Growing in Europe

“…soybean seed is mostly used for animal feed in Croatia; further increasing oil content is not a priority. However, there were genotypes among the newer elite breeding lines that accumulated significantly higher amounts of oil than the rest, indicating their suitability for being used as parental components [77]. [127], which mostly coincided with fatty acid content in commercial soybean [151].…”

“…Gibson and Mullen [75] reported that high daily temperatures in combination with high night temperatures during the period from seed-filling to maturity can cause positive linear relationship of average temperatures and protein content. Furthermore, Dornbos and Mullen [76] reported that high temperatures in combination with drought in seed-filling period can result in significant protein content rise, whereas Vollmann et al [61] and Matoša Kočar et al [77] noticed that seed protein content was highest for soybean crops grown under moderately dry conditions and high temperature during the seed-filling stage. Such contradictory reports are a major concern in plant breeding since they complicate decision-making process during selection.…”

“…Ranges determined were 35.2-38.7%, 36.2-39.6% and 38.7-41.2% for MG 00, 0 and I, respectively [89]. In the third research, Matoša Kočar et al [77] determined significant variation for soybean seed protein content, influenced by genotype and year in a 3-year (2010-2012) screening study with 21 soybean genotypes (MG 00 to I) created at the Agricultural Institute Osijek (Croatia). The lack of significant difference in average protein content between elite breeding lines created at the Agricultural Institute Osijek and standard cultivars ( Table 1) can be explained with the significant progress already achieved in previous selection cycles [89].…”

“…The lack of significant difference in average protein content between elite breeding lines created at the Agricultural Institute Osijek and standard cultivars ( Table 1) can be explained with the significant progress already achieved in previous selection cycles [89]. Nevertheless, wide ranges of variation for protein content in genotypes from the Agricultural Institute Osijek indicate there is still a room for improvement [77]. Although, according to Sato et al [90], most of the world is focused towards increasing soybean seed oil content and oil yield, average protein content is at the world level higher than protein content reported for Central European soybean varieties [61].…”

“…Whether the improvements in soybean oil yield and its quality are achieved by conventional breeding or genetic engineering [2,119], having a favourable gene pool concerning the trait of interest is crucial. In Europe, the variability of oil content was studied by many authors [61,70,77,88,89,127]. At the Agricultural Institute Osijek, breeding for soybean seed oil over time is presented by three studies.…”