Variability in surface and deep water conditions in the nordic seas during the last interglacial period

Fronval, Torben; Jansen, Eystein; Haflidason, Haflidi; Sejrup, Hans Petter

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(98)00038-9

Cited by 88 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Phase LI1 at Monticchio probably correlates with the early Eemian period of northwest Europe characterized by occurrences as far north as Great Britain of warmth-demanding species (28,29), and for which warmer than present summer temperatures are reconstructed and modeled for northern Europe (29,30). Its duration (2.7 ka) also corresponds well to that estimated for the early MIS 5e interval of warmer than present Norwegian Sea SSTs (31). This phase of the interglacial culminated with a 450-year interval (124.55-124.10 ka B.P.)…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Evidence for last interglacial chronology and environmental change from Southern Europe

Brauer

Allen

Mingram

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

233

215

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Establishing phase relationships between earth-system components during periods of rapid global change is vital to understanding the underlying processes. It requires records of each component with independent and accurate chronologies. Until now, no continental record extending from the present to the penultimate glacial had such a chronology to our knowledge. Here, we present such a record from the annually laminated sediments of Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Using this record we determine the duration (17.70 ؎ 0.20 ka) and age of onset (127.20 ؎ 1.60 ka B.P.) of the last interglacial, as reflected by terrestrial ecosystems. This record also reveals that the transitions at the beginning and end of the interglacial spanned only Ϸ100 and 150 years, respectively. Comparison with records of other earthsystem components reveals complex leads and lags. During the penultimate deglaciation phase relationships are similar to those during the most recent deglaciation, peaks in Antarctic warming and atmospheric methane both leading Northern Hemisphere terrestrial warming. It is notable, however, that there is no evidence at Monticchio of a Younger Dryas-like oscillation during the penultimate deglaciation. Warming into the first major interstadial event after the last interglacial is characterized by markedly different phase relationships to those of the deglaciations, warming at Monticchio coinciding with Antarctic warming and leading the atmospheric methane increase. Diachroneity is seen at the end of the interglacial; several global proxies indicate progressive cooling after Ϸ115 ka B.P., whereas the main terrestrial response in the Mediterranean region is abrupt and occurs at 109.50 ؎ 1.40 ka B.P.Eemian ͉ phase relationships ͉ pollen ͉ varves R econstructing the phase relationships between major earthsystem components relies on precise, accurate, and independent chronologies. However, absolute dating of geological records beyond the range of radiocarbon (more than Ϸ50 ka B.P.) is problematic, and age estimates for records of the last interglacial (LI) commonly rely on indirect dating approaches (1-4), often either by tuning to the time scale of orbital variations (2) or ''wiggle-matching'' to another record and applying its chronology (3, 4). Until now no continuous continental record extending from the present through the LI to the penultimate glacial had its own internal chronology to our knowledge. Thus timing and duration of the LI, as reflected in continental, marine, and ice-core records, and the phase relationships between these major earth-system components during marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 6-4, have been the subject of much debate (1, 5-9). Shackleton (9) first proposed correspondence between the LI and MIS 5e, whereas Woillard (10) subsequently demonstrated such apparent correspondence in a continental record. More recently, however, pollen, alkenone, and ␦ 18 O analyses of marine cores from locations close to the Iberian peninsula have shown asynchrony between changes in terrestrial veg...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Evidence for last interglacial chronology and environmental change from Southern Europe

Brauer

Allen

Mingram

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

233

215

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“…7c and 8c). This offset is consistent with time-lags observed within the deep ocean during deglaciations (Bard et al, 1991;Skinner and Shackleton, 2005;Ganopolski and Roche, 2009). …”

Section: Climsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…colder SST during the early LIG than the late LIG. The delay in the establishment of peak interglacial warmth indicated by marine records during the LIG appears to be a robust feature of the LIG climate evolution in the entire Norwegian Sea (Fronval and Jansen, 1997;Fronval et al, 1998;Rasmussen et al, 2003b;Bauch and Erlenkeuser, 2008;Bauch et al, 2011;Van Nieuwenhove et al, 2011). Although uncertainties on the chronologies of sediment cores from the Norwegian Sea remain relatively high for the LIG, independent age models of Norwegian Sea cores based on tephra layers support the late thermal optimum in the Nordic Seas (Wastegaard and Rasmussen, 2001;Rasmussen et al, 2003b).…”

Section: Climatic Response In the Norwegian Seamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Some studies showed evidence for an early LIG development of peak interglacial conditions in the Norwegian Sea and a later climatic optimum at mid latitudes in the North Atlantic (Cortijo et al, 1994. In contrast, other studies highlighted an early warming phase in the North Atlantic during the LIG (Rasmussen et al, 2003b;Bauch and Kandiano, 2007) and a late warming phase in the Norwegian Sea (Fronval and Jansen, 1997;Fronval et al, 1998;Rasmussen et al, 2003b). Part of these discrepancies arise from the difficulty of (1) collecting marine sediment cores from the Nordic Seas with high sedimentation rates during the LIG, and (2) defining reliable stratigraphical time frames between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas during the LIG (e.g.…”

Section: A Govin Et Al: Early Last Interglacial Climate and Ice Shementioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent influence of ice sheet melting on high northern latitude climate during the early Last Interglacial

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Although the Last Interglacial (LIG) is often considered as a possible analogue for future climate in high latitudes, its precise climate evolution and associated causes remain uncertain. Here we compile high-resolution marine sediment records from the North Atlantic, Labrador Sea, Norwegian Sea and the Southern Ocean. We document a delay in the establishment of peak interglacial conditions in the North Atlantic, Labrador and Norwegian Seas as compared to the Southern Ocean. In particular, we observe a persistent iceberg melting at high northern latitudes at the beginning of the LIG. It is associated with (1) colder and fresher surfacewater conditions in the North Atlantic, Labrador and Norwegian Seas, and (2) a weaker ventilation of North Atlantic deep waters during the early LIG (129-125 ka) compared to the late LIG. Results from an ocean-atmosphere coupled model with insolation as a sole forcing for three key periods of the LIG show warmer North Atlantic surface waters and stronger Atlantic overturning during the early LIG (126 ka) than the late LIG (122 ka). Hence, insolation variations alone do not explain the delay in peak interglacial conditions observed at high northern latitudes. Additionally, we consider an idealized meltwater scenario at 126 ka where the freshwater input is interactively computed in response to the high boreal summer insolation. The model simulates colder, fresher North Atlantic surface waters and weaker Atlantic overturning during the early LIG (126 ka) compared to the late LIG (122 ka). This result suggests that both insolation and ice sheet melting have to be considered to reproduce the climatic pattern that we identify during the early LIG. Our modeldata comparison also reveals a number of limitations and reinforces the need for further detailed investigations using coupled climate-ice sheet models and transient simulations.

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“…These planktic foraminifera species have been successfully used to trace oceanic fronts in the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic (i.e., Ruddiman 1977;Johannessen et al 1994;Fronval et al 1998;Mokeddem et al 2014). The abundance of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma (s.) indicates cold polar waters (Bé 1960;Bé and Tolderlund 1971;Kohfeld et al 1996) while T. quinqueloba has been proposed as a best indicator of the Arctic front and water mass (Bé 1960;Bé and Tolderlund 1971;Johannessen et al 1994), defining the limit between Arctic water mass to the north and warmer Atlantic water mass located to the south (Mokeddem et al 2014;Mokeddem and McManus 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into North Atlantic deep water formation during the peak interglacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9)

Mokeddem

McManus

2017

Clim Dyn

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Variability in surface and deep water conditions in the nordic seas during the last interglacial period

Cited by 88 publications

References 61 publications

Evidence for last interglacial chronology and environmental change from Southern Europe

Evidence for last interglacial chronology and environmental change from Southern Europe

Persistent influence of ice sheet melting on high northern latitude climate during the early Last Interglacial

Insights into North Atlantic deep water formation during the peak interglacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9)

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