Variability of black carbon aerosol concentrations and sources at a Mediterranean coastal region

Milinković, Andrea; Gregorič, Asta; Grgičin, Vedrana Džaja; Vidić, Sonja; Penezić, Abra; Kušan, Ana Cvitešić; Alempijević, Saranda Bakija; Kasper-Giebl, Anne; Frka, Sanja

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2021.101221

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Moreover, the recommended AAE value for fossil fuel (FF) and biomass burning (BB) is 1 and 2 (or higher), respectively (Liu et al, 2023). Other AAE values were also found in previous studies for FF (0.9) and BB (1.68) (Zotter et al, 2017) or FF (1.2) and BB (2.2) as the mostly used optical pair (Milinković et al, 2021). The AAE values of 1.4 and 1.7 for BC and BrC were set to be the lower and upper limits in the modelling study of biomass burning particles mixed with BC and BrC (Chylek et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea

Sun,

Zhang,

Liang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols constitute a crucial component of atmospheric marine aerosols, among which black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) are important contributors to light absorption and hence the positive climatic radiative forcing in the marine atmosphere. We conducted a month-long (May 05–June 09, 2021) onboard sample collections and online measurements of carbonaceous aerosols to characterize their morphological and optical properties during a ship cruise in the South China Sea (SCS), covering a marine region of 11.9–24.5° N and 111.1–118.2° E. Single particles were collected by a single particle sampler and offline analyses were performed to investigate the mixing state and morphology using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Online measurements of BC in PM2.5 were made by a seven-wavelength aethalometer and organic carbon (OC)/elemental carbon (EC) mass concentrations were measured by a semi-online OC/EC analyzer. Single particle samples were classified into two modes: “stop” when the ship was anchored and “navigation” when the ship sailed at high speed. Feret diameters of the single particles during navigation and stop showed size distributions with the lognormal fitting peaks at 307 and 325 nm, respectively. The fresh (without coating) and aged BC particles (after removal of coating by the electron beams in TEM) showed comparable median fractal dimensions (1.65 vs 1.66), in contrast to their different median lacunarities (0.53 vs 0.59). The aged BC particles showed narrower Feret diameters (298–1980 nm) during navigation than those (304–2982 nm) of freshly-emitted BC from the own ship during stop. Moreover, tar balls, as one important component of single particles from ship emissions and as the tracer of biomass burning, were identified with geometrical diameters of 160–420 nm in the TEM images. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed those tar balls are mainly mixed with sea salt, organics, BC, and sulfate. We also found a significant fraction of aged BC in various mixing states (core-shell, embedded) with other components of the aerosol particles after long-range transport. The campaign was further divided into several periods (before monsoon period, BMP; transition monsoon period, TMP; after monsoon period, AMP; and ship pollution period, SPP) according to the wind direction during monsoon and the own ship pollution. The median OC/EC ratios were 8.14, 5.20, 6.35, and 2.63 during BMP, TMP, AMP, and SPP, respectively, showing higher OC/EC ratios for biomass burning emissions than for fossil fuel emissions. Additionally, the median absorption Angström exponent (AAE) values derived from all wavelengths were 1.14, 1.02, 1.08, and 1.06 for BMP, TMP, AMP and SPP, respectively. Particularly, a median AAE value of 1.93 was obtained during two significant biomass burning events. These results showed that biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel (FF) combustion contributed to 18–22 % and 78–82 % of all the BC light absorption without the two intense biomass burning events, during which BB and FF accounted for 42 % and 58 %, respectively. The two BB events originated from the Philippines and Southeast Asia before and after the summer monsoon. Our results demonstrated that BC can serve as the core of aged particles but the fractal dimensions of BC aggerates were subject to little variation; moreover, such BC particles become much more aggerated after aging in the marine atmosphere, which further affects the light absorption of the BC particles in the SCS. This study provides information about the morphology and the optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols which can be used to evaluate their effects on light absorption and hence the climatic radiative forcing in the SCS region.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea

Sun,

Zhang,

Liang

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was also lower than values recorded in Jakarta by Santoso et al (2020) , with a mean BC value of 3.8 μg·m −3 . However, Milinković et al (2021) found at a site on the Central Adriatic coast, near the town of Šibenik (∼34000 inhabitants) and its port (∼2 km from the site) during February–July 2019, a mean value for BC of 0.60 ± 0.60 μg·m −3 , slightly lower than those found in Gijón.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on hourly levels of PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon at an industrial suburban site in northern Spain

Lara

Megido

Suárez-Peña

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Fine particles produced by anthropogenic activities in urban and industrialized areas, which can be transported at a regional scale [80], constitute a major component of the aerosol burden resulting in air quality degradation with concomitant health impacts [81,82]. During summer, smoke particles at large concentrations are emitted from wildfires taking place across Central Europe, the surrounding area of the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean basin [76,83]. Furthermore, smoke particles from Canadian and US wildfires undergo long-range transport as they traverse the Atlantic Ocean before reaching Europe [84][85][86].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Lidar Ratio Impact on CALIPSO Retrievals Utilized for the Estimation of Aerosol SW Radiative Effects across North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe

Moustaka,

Korras-Carraca,

Papachristopoulou

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe (NAMEE domain) host a variety of suspended particles characterized by different optical and microphysical properties. In the current study, we investigate the importance of the lidar ratio (LR) on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization–Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIOP-CALIPSO) aerosol retrievals towards assessing aerosols’ impact on the Earth-atmosphere radiation budget. A holistic approach has been adopted involving collocated Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations, Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) simulations, as well as reference radiation measurements acquired using spaceborne (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System-CERES) and ground-based (Baseline Surface Radiation Network-BSRN) instruments. We are assessing the clear-sky shortwave (SW) direct radiative effects (DREs) on 550 atmospheric scenes, identified within the 2007–2020 period, in which the primary tropospheric aerosol species (dust, marine, polluted continental/smoke, elevated smoke, and clean continental) are probed using CALIPSO. RTM runs have been performed relying on CALIOP retrievals in which the default and the DeLiAn (Depolarization ratio, Lidar ratio, and Ångström exponent)-based aerosol-speciated LRs are considered. The simulated fields from both configurations are compared against those produced when AERONET AODs are applied. Overall, the DeLiAn LRs leads to better results mainly when mineral particles are either solely recorded or coexist with other aerosol species (e.g., sea-salt). In quantitative terms, the errors in DREs are reduced by ~26–27% at the surface (from 5.3 to 3.9 W/m2) and within the atmosphere (from −3.3 to −2.4 W/m2). The improvements become more significant (reaching up to ~35%) for moderate-to-high aerosol loads (AOD ≥ 0.2).

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Variability of black carbon aerosol concentrations and sources at a Mediterranean coastal region

Cited by 18 publications

References 106 publications

Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea

Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea

Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on hourly levels of PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon at an industrial suburban site in northern Spain

Assessing Lidar Ratio Impact on CALIPSO Retrievals Utilized for the Estimation of Aerosol SW Radiative Effects across North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe

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