Variability of circadian blood pressure profile during 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients

Abstract

An abnormal circadian BP profile was found in over 50% of hypertensive patients. A negative correlation was found between nocturnal BP fall and the patient age. No differences were found between groups with different circadian BP pattern regarding duration of hypertension and the presence of dyslipidaemia, obesity, diabetes, or coronary artery disease.

Independent association between age and circadian systolic blood pressure patterns in adults with hypertension

“…Concurrently, isolated systolic hypertension was identified as the most frequent subtype of hypertension in elderly patients that is associated with greater risk for stroke and coronary heart disease than any other subtype of hypertension. Although previous studies have indicated a relationship between age and BP variability, their conclusion was preliminary because covariates were known to exist in those studies.…”

“…In conjunction with BP level, increased BP variability is a challenge in older patients with hypertension . Although a few studies have indicated a relationship between age and circadian BP variation, such an association is likely to be affected by confounding factors in real‐world populations. Therefore, we consecutively recruited a group of real‐world adults with hypertension who underwent ABPM and investigated the association between age and circadian BP variation in this cohort.…”

Blood pressure circadian rhythms and adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension

“…Non‐dippers and extreme dippers are defined as those with a night‐time BP reduction of <10 or >20% of daytime BP, respectively. Risers have night‐time BP levels that are higher than daytime levels5, 6.…”

“…A decline in nocturnal BP of 10–20% is considered normal, and is defined as a dipper pattern. Non‐dipper, riser and extreme‐dipper BP patterns are considered to be abnormal. This method is able to evaluate whether the loss of the expected BP circadian rhythm is associated with cardiovascular events, morbidity and mortality.…”

Recent advances in understanding the circadian clock in renal physiology

“…The kidneys exhibit circadian rhythms in function including blood pressure control [14], glomerular filtration rate [15], and tubular handling [15,16]. The majority of recent circadian research focuses on sodium balance and its effects on blood pressure.…”