Variability of electronics and spintronics nanoscale devices

Овчинников, И. В.; Wang, Kang L.

doi:10.1063/1.2888744

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Another aspect of practicality lies in variability benefits between spin and electron charge, in particular toward thermal and quantum fluctuations. It has recently been shown that spintronic devices can improve variability compared with today's charge-based devices as variability of spintronic devices has been shown to be limited only by thermal fluctuations, and not by quantum fluctuations as for electronic devices [60]. However, a major drawback in a practical spin-based device is the lack of any demonstrated spin "gain" device that is required for spin circuit fan-out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Alternate State Variables for Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices

Galatsis

Khitun

Ostroumov

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology

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We provide an outlook of some important state variables for emerging nanoelectronic devices. State variables are physical representations of information used to perform information processing via memory and logic functionality. Advances in material science, emerging nanodevices, nanostructures, and architectures have provided hope that alternative state variables based on new mechanisms, nanomaterials, and nanodevices may indeed be plausible. We review and analyze the computational advantages that alternate state variables may possibly attain with respect to maximizing computational performance via minimum energy dissipation, maximum operating switching speed, and maximum device density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Alternate State Variables for Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices

Galatsis

Khitun

Ostroumov

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology

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“…There are different sources of variability due to thermal and quantum fluctuations, resulted from fluctuations of the number of electrons, for example, and process control such as pattern size and dopant variations in semiconductor FET. We will, however, in this paper look at the fundamental of quantum fluctuations [3].…”

Section: Variability Of Electronics and Spintronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of spintronics and nanoelectronics for information processing

Wang

Овчинников

Khitun

et al. 2008

2008 9th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit Technology

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To date, electronics uses electron charge as a state variable which is often represented as voltage or current. In this representation of state variable in today's electronics, carriers in electronics devices work independently even to a few and single electron cases. As the scaling continues to reduce the feature size, power dissipation and variability become two major challenges among others as identified in ITRS. This paper presents the exposition that spintronics as a collective effect may be favorably used as state variables in the near future information processing beyond conventional electronics for room temperature. An example is presented to compare electronics and spintronics in terms of variability, quantum and thermal fluctuations. This example shows the benefit of scaling to smaller sizes in the case of spintronics (nanomagnetics), which will have a much reduced variability problem as compared with today's electronics. Finally, spin wave bus is used to illustrate the potential use as a state variable for logic application. Prototype logic devices using the spin wave bus concept have been demonstrated. The requirements and benchmarks for choosing a state variable are also discussed in terms of its interaction strength for the energy efficiency. Spintronics for Information ProcessingThere has been increasing interest in considering spintronics as an alternate to today scaled CMOS for next generations of information processing beyond today's electronics. In the past, scaled CMOS, electron charge and its representations as e.g., voltage and current are used as a state variable for device to perform logic functions. Upon further scaling to the nanometer scale, the use of electron charge and its long-range growing strong Coulomb interactions resulted in two major problems: power dissipation per unit area and variability of the device. The first comes from the strong Coulomb interaction. It is shown that the minimal energy of a switch is kT In r; for n electrons, the energy required will be nkT In r if electrons work independently, where n is the number of electronics and r is the reliability factor, or reciprocal of the probability of failure. The variability comes from the result of independent electrons in the device; the scaling to small feature sizes makes the quantum fluctuation of electrons important. However, in spintronics, there are two scenarios: one is single spin case and the other the collection of interaction spins (with exchange interaction, which is the consequence of many-electron effect of Coulomb interaction). For the former, it will be similar to that of electronics. In this paper, we will focus on the case of correlated electron systems, e.g., ferromagnetism. We will show that there are advantages in energy and in variability when using correlated electrons, in particular, in the case that the correlated energy is higher than kT for room temperature applications.It may be this collective variable, which may become the Information carriers or the representation of the Information for be...

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“…In such a regime near the thermal limit [Meindl et al 2001]-when switching energy barely exceeds that of thermal noise-the law of large numbers ceases to hold, and fluctuations will play a prominent role [Ovchinnikov and Wang 2008]. Since noise and fluctuations compromise the reliability of VLSI systems, various strategies have been devised to counter their effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brownian Circuits

Peper

Lee

Carmona

et al. 2013

J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.

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Random fluctuations will be a major factor interfering with the operation of nanometer scale electronic devices. This article presents circuit architectures that can exploit such fluctuations, if signals have a particlelike (discrete, token-based) character. We define an abstract circuit primitive that, though lacking functionality when used with fluctuation-free signals, becomes universal when fluctuations are allowed. Key to the power of a signal's fluctuations is the ability to explore the state space of a circuit. This ability is used to resolve deadlock situations, which could otherwise only be averted by increased design complexity. The results in this article suggest that in the design of future computers, signal fluctuations, rather than being an impediment to be avoided at any cost, may be an important ingredient to achieve efficient operation.

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Variability of electronics and spintronics nanoscale devices

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Alternate State Variables for Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices

Alternate State Variables for Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices

Comparison of spintronics and nanoelectronics for information processing

Brownian Circuits

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