2011
DOI: 10.1038/jes.2011.13
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Variability of environmental exposure to fine particles, black smoke, and trace elements among a Swedish population

Abstract: Mixed-effects models were used to estimate within-person and between-person variance components, and some determinants of environmental exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), black smoke (BS) and trace elements (Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) for personal measurements from 30 adult subjects in Gothenburg, Sweden. The within-person variance component dominated the total variability for all investigated compounds except for PM 2.5 and Zn (in which the variance components were about equal). Expressed a… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…For many of the chemical species, strong correlations were found between UB and residential outdoor and between indoor and personal exposure (Molnár et al, 2006;Johannesson et al, 2011). However, the correlations between ambient (UB and residential outdoor) and indoor, and between ambient and personal exposure were much weaker.…”
Section: Potentials and Limitations Of The Factor Selection Modelmentioning
confidence: 92%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…For many of the chemical species, strong correlations were found between UB and residential outdoor and between indoor and personal exposure (Molnár et al, 2006;Johannesson et al, 2011). However, the correlations between ambient (UB and residential outdoor) and indoor, and between ambient and personal exposure were much weaker.…”
Section: Potentials and Limitations Of The Factor Selection Modelmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…In an analysis of the personal exposure variability in this dataset, the within-person variance component dominated the total variability for nearly all investigated chemical species (Johannesson et al, 2011).…”
Section: Potentials and Limitations Of The Factor Selection Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Recent studies have examined the variance components for daily averaged PM 2.5, microbial agents, and volatile organic carbon. [44][45][46][47] In a study in Gothenburg, Sweden, 45 daily PM 2.5 concentrations measured among 29 subjects (<2 samples per participant, total n = 43) and variance was partitioned within and between participants and resulted in an ICC value equal to 0.62. ICC values tended to be less than 0.5 and approached zero for some elements, in PM 2.5 trace analysis.…”
Section: Re Sultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent studies have shown that even at concentrations below current EPA regulations health effects persist [6, 7]. Such studies may also provide attenuated estimates of the relationship between PM and health because the epidemiological studies that rely on area measurements from central ambient air quality monitors to assign ‘personal’ exposures are subject to exposure misclassification [8]. Exposure misclassification results from high levels of within- and between-individual variability in PM introduced by the fact that people are mobile, visiting multiple microenvironments daily (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%