Variability of extreme precipitation and rainfall erosivity and their attenuated effects on sediment delivery from 1957 to 2018 on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Xu, Xiao‐Ming; Lyu, Du; Xiangjie, Lei; Huang, Tao; Li, Yali; Yi, Haijie; Guo, Jinwei; He, Liang; He, Jie; Yang, Xihua; Guo, Mancai; Liu, Baoyuan; Zhang, Xiaoping

doi:10.1007/s11368-021-03054-2

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The nonparametric Sen's slope estimation method is a convenient and practical linear slope estimation method, that can intuitively detect the upward and downward trends of any data through slopes, and the estimator is insensitive to abnormal values [31,32]. Thus, it is commonly used for time series analysis of meteorology and hydrology [25,32,33]. The equation is as follows:…”

Section: Trend and Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Asymmetric Characteristic of Extreme Rainfall Erosivity in 8 Provinces of Southern China during 1961–2020

Zhu

Cao

Zhao

et al. 2023

Water

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The roles of rainfall with various intensities in hydraulic erosion processes are obviously different. In-depth knowledge about the spatiotemporal variation in extreme rainfall erosivity is critical for soil erosion risk assessment and formulation of response measures. In the period of 1961–2020, more than 390,000 erosive rainfall data from 212 meteorological stations were collected to explore the erosion characteristics of different intensities of rainfall erosivity across southern China. The asymmetric characteristic of extreme rainfall erosion was analyzed and expressed by an asymmetric change index (ACI) defined in this study. Correlation analysis was applied to study the impact of global extreme climate events on the ACI. The results showed that different patterns of precipitation had evident asymmetric characteristics in rainfall erosivity, and fewer high-intensity precipitation events contributed to much higher total rainfall erosivity, particularly for rainstorms (≥100 mm). The ACI of the rainfall erosivity exhibited evident spatial heterogeneity; insignificant increasing trends were found in the ACIs for heavy rainfall, torrential, and rainstorm erosivities over the past 60 years. The change rate of ACI varied greatly on both monthly and interdecadal scales, and the ACI of rainstorms showed the maximum linear increasing trend on the long-time scale. There were significantly high correlations between the ACI and erosive rainfall days and the ACI and erosive rainfall (p < 0.01), and the correlation coefficients were relatively higher from May to October, where the precipitation was concentrated. Additionally, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and tropical cyclones clearly influenced the spatiotemporal distribution of the ACI and rainfall erosivity but were limited to specific periods and regions. These results could provide a reference for extreme soil erosion event monitoring and control in southern China.

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Section: Trend and Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Asymmetric Characteristic of Extreme Rainfall Erosivity in 8 Provinces of Southern China during 1961–2020

Zhu

Cao

Zhao

et al. 2023

Water

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“…The accuracy of the R factor was proven to be much higher when the seasonality was taken into consideration. This model, which has been effectively and widely applied in China (Xu et al 2021;Zhang et al 2021), was employed to calculate half-month rainfall erosivity based on daily rainfall. The equations of the model are as follows:…”

Section: Rainfall Erosivity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annual amount of eroded soil is as high as 150 million tons in this area (Xiao et al 2020). Rainfall erosivity, considering rainfall amounts and intensities, is an important parameter in soil erosion risk assessments for future land uses and climate change (Shin et al 2019;Xu et al 2021). In the TGR area, the changes in the amounts, intensities, and frequencies of precipitation are influenced by TGD operation and certainly will be bound to affect the rainfall erosivity and degree of soil erosion.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of reservoir impoundment on rainfall erosivity in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of China

Guang-yi

et al. 2022

Hydrology Research

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New dammed reservoirs are expected to have a significant effect on the regional hydrocycle, but the detailed patterns may not be well understood. Regional climate change is likely to cause soil erosion uncertainty by affecting rainfall erosivity. In the present study, local precipitation and rainfall erosivity were investigated to determine the impounding influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Daily erosive precipitation, from 1980 to 2020, was categorized into four intensity levels (light, moderate, heavy, and very heavy), as well as extreme rainfall, to understand their contribution to erosivity. It was found that the impoundment significantly affected local precipitation, with both heavy precipitation and the relative erosivity showing a substantial declining trend (Sen's slope = 2.141, p < 0.05). The Mann–Kendall test indicated an abrupt change point around the year 2002, evidencing the effect of the reservoir impoundment (since 2003). Reservoir impoundment redistributed the intensity levels of erosive precipitation, leading to a 24.3% decrease in the erosivity of heavy precipitation and an 8.2% increase in the moderate category. The unimodal distribution of monthly precipitation was altered to a bimodal distribution with peaks in July and September, resulting in a longer but lower-risky erosion period of high concern. The fluctuations of Rx1day and Rx5day were obviously flattered after impoundment, with a 54.2% peak reduction in relative erosivity on average. Results indicated that heavy rainfall (including extreme rainfall) was reduced, and annual precipitation and erosivity both had a more even seasonal distribution following reservoir impoundment.

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“…Undeniably, the global water cycle is intensifying with climate warming (Papalexiou & Montanari, 2019; Taylor et al, 2017), which leads to an increase in extreme rainstorm events and rainfall intensity worldwide (Donat et al, 2016; Min et al, 2011; Westra et al, 2014). It was reported that rainstorm events (daily precipitation ≥50 mm) occurred on average once every 2 years on the China Loess Plateau (Tang et al, 2018; Xu et al, 2021). Liu et al (2016) reported that extreme rainstorms contributed approximately 40%–50% of the total annual sediment yield generated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of infiltration holes on rainfall‐runoff production on slopes treated with engineering measures: A simulation study in the Loess Plateau of China

Li,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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Present slope engineering measures are insufficient to intercept and infiltrate extreme rainstorm runoff in the Loess Plateau of China. The infiltration hole that has specific depth and volume can be used as a supplemental to slope engineering measures to rapidly reduce rainstorm runoff and store them into deep soil layers. In this study, the performance of infiltration holes (60, 80, and 100 cm in depth and 10 cm in diameter) in intercepting and infiltrating rainstorm runoff was evaluated through the field simulation experiment (rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm min−1). The results showed that infiltration holes directly increased the runoff infiltration area by 0.20, 0.26, and 0.32 m2. Before infiltration holes were filled up, all the runoff were intercepted, the reduced runoff were 5.70, 5.85, 8.85 mm, respectively. When runoff reducing rate reached stable (around 110 min), the stable runoff‐reducing rates were 0.079, 0.088, and 0.091 mm min−1, and the cumulative reduced runoff were 15.05, 18.11, and 20.97 mm, accounting for 30.41%, 36.59%, and 42.36% of the simulated rainstorm runoff. This implies that filtration holes could, on average, reduce runoff by 70.50, 132.42, and 256.26 mm within 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Based on the results, it was verified that infiltration holes could reduce most of the runoff under the scenario of historical extreme rainstorms in the past two decades. Our research determined the rainfall runoff reduced by infiltration holes and verified the effectiveness of infiltration holes under rainstorm events, and provided a prospective technique for regulating extreme rainstorm runoff and decreasing landslides and mudslides risks on the Loess Plateau.

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Variability of extreme precipitation and rainfall erosivity and their attenuated effects on sediment delivery from 1957 to 2018 on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Analysis of the Asymmetric Characteristic of Extreme Rainfall Erosivity in 8 Provinces of Southern China during 1961–2020

Analysis of the Asymmetric Characteristic of Extreme Rainfall Erosivity in 8 Provinces of Southern China during 1961–2020

Influence of reservoir impoundment on rainfall erosivity in the Three Gorges Reservoir region of China

Impacts of infiltration holes on rainfall‐runoff production on slopes treated with engineering measures: A simulation study in the Loess Plateau of China

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