Variability of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> serotypes in Israel during a period of two years: 2000 and 2001

Vasilev, V.; Andorn, N.; Japheth, R.; Agmon, Vered

doi:10.1017/s095026880300147x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…8%) and 1b (19 . 7%), which was concurrent with data from a previous investigation [21]. The rarely isolated serotypes were divided by common group antigens according to the formula used by Denka Seiken [22].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period of three years: 2000–2002

et al. 2004

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This is a surveillance study of the antimicrobial resistance of the S. flexneri group in the context of its serotype diversity. It includes 1422 isolates, which were sent to the National Shigella Reference Centre (NSRC) by hospitals and outpatient clinics in Israel during a 3-year period (2000-2002). The strains were identified and classified according to the prevalence and antigenic structure of their serotypes. All samples were checked for resistance to ampicillin (AMP), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), ceftriaxone (CRO), tetracycline (TE), nalidixic acid (NAL), and chloramphenicol (C) by the disk diffusion method of Bauer et al. There were significant differences in their resistance to the individual antimicrobials with resistance to AMP, TE and C being lower among the strains of serotype 6 than among those of serotypes 2a and 1b. The resistant phenotypes were also serotype-specific. The similarities both in individual and in phenotype resistance between the rare and the prevalent serotypes (but not serotype 6) may be attributed to their antigenic relatedness. The serospecificity of the antimicrobial resistance was not affected by external factors such as seasonality and source (hospital or outpatient laboratory) of the isolates, and the age and sex of the patients. The serotype-specific approach can assist in properly assessing the problem of the antimicrobial resistance of the Shigella flexneri group and may prove useful for the empirical therapy of shigellosis. The observed interdependency between resistance and the antigenic specificity and relatedness of the S. flexneri serotypes requires additional investigation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period of three years: 2000–2002

et al. 2004

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“…In contrast, serotype 6 was more commonly associated with diarrhoea in children of kindergarten/early school age [7]. 5 months).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…There are eight serotypes of S. flexneri and serotypes 1-5 subdivided into subserotypes [5]. In endemic regions, the distribution of serotypes may change over time [6,7]. A recently described serotype, S. flexneri 1c, has only been described in two geographic locations, Bangladesh and Egypt [4,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and genetic characterization of Shigella flexneri strains isolated from three paediatric populations in Egypt (2000–2004)

et al. 2006

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Ninety-seven isolates of Shigella flexneri from children seeking medical care from three sites in Egypt were characterized. Overall, 46.4% of children (median age 17 months) were febrile or reported blood in their stools, 25.8% were dehydrated and 16.5% were admitted to hospital. Serotypes 2a (37.1%), 1b (18.6%), 1c (17.5%), and 6 (15.5%) comprised over 88.7% of the total isolates. We observed marked resistance to ampicillin (87.6%), tetracycline (84.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.9%). Pulsed-field electrophoresis grouped the majority of isolates within a serotype together, separately from isolates of an alternative serotype. The set gene was present in all serogroup 2a isolates, however, the sen gene was detected in every isolate. Our results show S. flexneri 1c has emerged as a dominant S. flexneri serotype in Egypt. Development and application of a Shigella vaccine should consider the diversity of Shigella serotypes within a geographical region prior to administration.

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“…These findings have been corroborated by analyses based on monthly temperature observations. Several studies report a strong correlation between monthly temperature and diarrhoeal episodes on the Pacific Islands, Australia, and Israel (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Climate Change and Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global food security under climate change

Schmidhuber

Tubiello

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,686

944

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This article reviews the potential impacts of climate change on food security. It is found that of the four main elements of food security, i.e., availability, stability, utilization, and access, only the first is routinely addressed in simulation studies. To this end, published results indicate that the impacts of climate change are significant, however, with a wide projected range (between 5 million and 170 million additional people at risk of hunger by 2080) strongly depending on assumed socio-economic development. The likely impacts of climate change on the other important dimensions of food security are discussed qualitatively, indicating the potential for further negative impacts beyond those currently assessed with models. Finally, strengths and weaknesses of current assessment studies are discussed, suggesting improvements and proposing avenues for new analyses.hunger ͉ vulnerability ͉ food supply ͉ agriculture

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Variability of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period of two years: 2000 and 2001

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period of three years: 2000–2002

Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella flexneri serotypes in Israel during a period of three years: 2000–2002

Epidemiology and genetic characterization of Shigella flexneri strains isolated from three paediatric populations in Egypt (2000–2004)

Global food security under climate change

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