Variability of in vivo fish acute toxicity data

Hrovat, Mojca; Segner, Helmut; Jeram, Sonja

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.05.013

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The sensitivity the fish to a particular toxic substance depends on many factors, such as species, age, feeding conditions, intermediary metabolism rate, weight, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen of the water, etc. [21]- [23]. The LC 50 in this study at 96 h were 5.29, 9.57 and 9.54 mg· L -1 for malathion, atrazine and Cadmium respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Biochemical Changes in the Tissues of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Heavy Metal Cadmium

Wang¹,

Sawafi²,

Yan³

2017

IJESD

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Abstract-The acute toxicity of melathion (MAL), atrzine (ATR) and Cadmium (Cd) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated by acute toxicity (LC 50 ), and the results showed that the 96 h LC 50 followed the order: MAL>Cd>ATR. Furthermore, the accumulation of ecotoxicity in zebrafish body and correlated biochemical responses in brain and muscles were explored and it was found that MAL, ATR and Cd could be rapidly accumulated in fish body shortly after exposure. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in fish body increased after 96h exposure. The acute toxicity caused protein reduction in brain and muscles, and elevation of total lipid dry weight in fish body. Besides, some dose-dependent inhibition of AChE activity was found in brain and muscles of zebrafish exposed to higher concentrations of acute toxins. These can be employed in biomonitoring programs because they showed good correlation with toxins and were sensitive to different concentration patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Biochemical Changes in the Tissues of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Heavy Metal Cadmium

Wang¹,

Sawafi²,

Yan³

2017

IJESD

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“…Acute lethal tests with rainbow trout were highly predictive of the results of similar tests with sheepshead minnow and Atlantic silverside, with 95% of active substances having a freshwater to saltwater LC50 ratio of ≤5, which might reasonably be considered representative of interlaboratory variation. In other words, the different freshwater and saltwater values do not reflect real differences in sensitivity but variation within and among test laboratories . Furthermore, only 3% of substances had freshwater to saltwater LC50 ratios >10, most of which would be comfortably covered by standard assessment factors applied to deal with factors such as interspecies sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are acute and chronic saltwater fish studies required for plant protection and biocidal product active substance risk assessment?

Wheeler

Maynard

Crane

2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The acute and chronic toxicity of chemicals to fish is routinely assessed using fish acute and early life stage (ELS) test results, usually with freshwater species. Under some regulations with certain substances, however, data on saltwater species may also be required. Evidence from earlier studies suggests that saltwater fish species are generally no more sensitive than freshwater species and that when they are more sensitive to a substance the difference in sensitivity is usually less than a factor of 10. However, most of these studies concentrated on acute lethal toxicity results for a wide range of substances and across a range of taxonomic groups. In the present study, the authors compare freshwater and saltwater acute median lethal concentration (LC50) and chronic ELS no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) results from standardized regulatory studies specifically for fish species exposed to the same plant protection or biocidal product active substances to determine the value of testing in both freshwater and saltwater fish. The results suggest that, in most cases, use of a freshwater fish 96-h LC50 or longer-term ELS NOEC should be sufficient to protect saltwater species. In a small number of cases (12%), saltwater ELS NOECs were more sensitive by a factor >10, although differences in sensitivity were not consistent for this small number of substances when 96-h LC50 and longer-term ELS NOECs were compared. It is debatable whether such a low probability merits the additional animal use required to run saltwater fish tests, especially when onshore contaminants released to estuaries and coastal environments are likely to be diluted many-fold when compared with concentrations found in freshwaters.

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“…In practice, AFT data for an individual substance may only be available for one species. However, it has been well established that there is a great variability in the LC50s of different fish species (Hrovat et al ). To compensate for potential intra‐ and interspecies variations (biological variance) in sensitivity, assessment factor (AF) methods are usually used in the risk assessment process.…”

Section: Implications For the Use Of The Fet Test Within The Reach Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test (OECD 236) in the regulatory context of Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

Sobańska¹,

Scholz

Nyman³

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

112

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In 2013 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline (236) for fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) was adopted. It determines the acute toxicity of chemicals to embryonic fish. Previous studies show a good correlation of FET with the standard acute fish toxicity (AFT) test; however, the potential of the FET test to predict AFT, which is required by the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation (EC 1907(EC /2006) and the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulation (EC 1272/2008), has not yet been fully clarified. In 2015 the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) requested that a consultant perform a scientific analysis of the applicability of FET to predict AFT. The purpose was to compare the toxicity of substances to fish embryos and to adult fish, and to investigate whether certain factors (e.g., physicochemical properties, modes of action, or chemical structures) could be used to define the applicability boundaries of the FET test. Given the limited data availability, the analysis focused on organic substances. The present critical review summarizes the main findings and discusses regulatory application of the FET test under REACH. Given some limitations (e.g., neurotoxic mode of action) and/or remaining uncertainties (e.g., deviation of some narcotic substances), it has been found that the FET test alone is currently not sufficient to meet the essential information on AFT as required by the REACH regulation. However, the test may be used within weight-of-evidence approaches together with other independent, relevant, and reliable sources of information. The present review also discusses further research needs that may overcome the remaining uncertainties and help to increase acceptance of FET as a replacement for AFT in the future. For example, an increase in the availability of data generated according to OECD test guideline 236 may provide evidence of a higher predictive power of the test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:657-670. C 2017 SETAC

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Variability of in vivo fish acute toxicity data

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Biochemical Changes in the Tissues of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Heavy Metal Cadmium

Biochemical Changes in the Tissues of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Heavy Metal Cadmium

Are acute and chronic saltwater fish studies required for plant protection and biocidal product active substance risk assessment?

Applicability of the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test (OECD 236) in the regulatory context of Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

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