Variability of mammary blood flow in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows during the first twelve weeks of lactation

Götze, A.; Honnens, Ä.; Flachowsky, Gerhard; Bollwein, Heinrich

doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1781

Cited by 34 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The increase in angiogenesis, which also included an increase in ‘Blood vessel endothelial cell migration’ (Additional file S1, ‘GO Biological process’ sheet), suggested an important role of angiogenesis during lactation in bovine mammary gland with a continuous formation of blood vessels. The blood flow across the mammary gland increases dramatically at the onset of lactation [53] with a consistent increase during the first 3 months of lactation, particularly for multiparous cows [54]. It has been well-established that there is a positive correlation between blood flow and milk yield [53]; however, this appears to be true only for cows with less than 3 lactations [54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood flow across the mammary gland increases dramatically at the onset of lactation [53] with a consistent increase during the first 3 months of lactation, particularly for multiparous cows [54]. It has been well-established that there is a positive correlation between blood flow and milk yield [53]; however, this appears to be true only for cows with less than 3 lactations [54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Old and New Stories: Revelations from Functional Analysis of the Bovine Mammary Transcriptome during the Lactation Cycle

et al. 2012

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The cow mammary transcriptome was explored at −30, −15, 1, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 300 d relative to parturition. A total of 6,382 differentially expressed genes (DEG) at a false discovery rate ≤0.001 were found throughout lactation. The greatest number of DEG (>3,500 DEG) was observed at 60 and 120 d vs. −30 d with the largest change between consecutive time points observed at −15 vs. 1 d and 120 vs. 240 d. Functional analysis of microarray data was performed using the Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA). The DIA analysis of KEGG pathways uncovered as the most impacted and induced ‘Galactose metabolism’, ‘Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis’, and ‘PPAR signaling’; whereas, ‘Antigen processing and presentation’ was among the most inhibited. The integrated interpretation of the results suggested an overall increase in metabolism during lactation, particularly synthesis of carbohydrates and lipid. A marked degree of utilization of amino acids as energy source, an increase of protein export, and a decrease of the protein synthesis machinery as well cell cycle also were suggested by the DIA analysis. The DIA analysis of Gene Ontology and other databases uncovered an induction of Golgi apparatus and angiogenesis, and the inhibition of both immune cell activity/migration and chromosome modifications during lactation. All of the highly-impacted and activated functions during lactation were evidently activated at the onset of lactation and inhibited when milk production declined. The overall analysis indicated that the bovine mammary gland relies heavily on a coordinated transcriptional regulation to begin and end lactation. The functional analysis using DIA underscored the importance of genes associated with lactose synthesis, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, Golgi, transport, cell cycle/death, epigenetic regulation, angiogenesis, and immune function during lactation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old and New Stories: Revelations from Functional Analysis of the Bovine Mammary Transcriptome during the Lactation Cycle

et al. 2012

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“…The suggested larger blood circulation in lactating mammary tissue vs . liver is in accordance with the extremely large increase in vessels and blood circulation from non-lactating to lactating mammary tissue [39]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Transcriptome difference and potential crosstalk between liver and mammary tissue in mid-lactation primiparous dairy cows

Bionaz

Wang

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Liver and mammary gland are among the most important organs during lactation in dairy cows. With the purpose of understanding both the different and the complementary roles and the crosstalk of those two organs during lactation, a transcriptome analysis was performed on liver and mammary tissues of 10 primiparous dairy cows in mid-lactation. The analysis was performed using a 4×44K Bovine Agilent microarray chip. The transcriptome difference between the two tissues was analyzed using SAS JMP Genomics using ANOVA with a false discovery rate correction (FDR). The analysis uncovered >9,000 genes differentially expressed (DEG) between the two tissues with a FDR<0.001. The functional analysis of the DEG uncovered a larger metabolic (especially related to lipid) and inflammatory response capacity in liver compared with mammary tissue while the mammary tissue had a larger protein synthesis and secretion, proliferation/differentiation, signaling, and innate immune system capacity compared with the liver. A plethora of endogenous compounds, cytokines, and transcription factors were estimated to control the DEG between the two tissues. Compared with mammary tissue, the liver transcriptome appeared to be under control of a large array of ligand-dependent nuclear receptors and, among endogenous chemical, fatty acids and bacteria-derived compounds. Compared with liver, the transcriptome of the mammary tissue was potentially under control of a large number of growth factors and miRNA. The in silico crosstalk analysis between the two tissues revealed an overall large communication with a reciprocal control of lipid metabolism, innate immune system adaptation, and proliferation/differentiation. In summary the transcriptome analysis confirmed prior known differences between liver and mammary tissue, especially considering the indication of a larger metabolic activity in liver compared with the mammary tissue and the larger protein synthesis, communication, and proliferative capacity in mammary tissue compared with the liver. Relatively novel is the indication by the data that the transcriptome of the liver is highly regulated by dietary and bacteria-related compounds while the mammary transcriptome is more under control of hormones, growth factors, and miRNA. A large crosstalk between the two tissues with a reciprocal control of metabolism and innate immune-adaptation was indicated by the network analysis that allowed uncovering previously unknown crosstalk between liver and mammary tissue for several signaling molecules.

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“…Berger et al reported that pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography can be used to analyze blood flow to udder, sharing the finding that ultrasonographic parameters regarding blood flow to udder increased with milk yield (1). Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography is used to measur values such as Time-Averaged Maximum Velocity (TAMV), blood flow volume, Systolic Peak Velocity (SPV) and Resistant Index (RI) in vessels supplying blood to udders (10,17,18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins and CMT scores in Simmental cows

DOĞAN¹

2018

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:This study aimed to determine the distribution of pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins in lactating cows corresponding to udder health and the results of California Mastitis Test (CMT). Clinically healthy Simmental cows aged 3-5 years within the first 12 weeks of postpartum period were used for the study. End Diastolic Velocities (EDV), Systolic Peak Velocity (SPV), and Time-Averaged Maximum Velocity (TAMV) were the measured Doppler features of the milk veins. Numerical scales for Pulsatile Index (PI) and Resistant Index (RI) were devised in accordance with blood flow parameters. The animals were allocated to two groups according to CMT results as CMT positive (n=21) and CMT negative (n=5). No differences were found between the group regarding to PI, RI, EDV, or SPV (p>0.05). However, TAMV was found to be lower in CMT-positive animals (7.52 ± 0.85 cm/sec) compared to CMT-negative (13.90 ± 3.56 cm/sec) animals (p=0.021).

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Variability of mammary blood flow in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows during the first twelve weeks of lactation

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Old and New Stories: Revelations from Functional Analysis of the Bovine Mammary Transcriptome during the Lactation Cycle

Old and New Stories: Revelations from Functional Analysis of the Bovine Mammary Transcriptome during the Lactation Cycle

Transcriptome difference and potential crosstalk between liver and mammary tissue in mid-lactation primiparous dairy cows

Relationship between pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins and CMT scores in Simmental cows

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