Variability of Mg-calcite in Antarctic bryozoan skeletons across spatial scales

Loxton, Jennifer; Kukliński, Piotr; Barnes, David K. A.; Najorka, Jens; Jones, Mary Spencer; Porter, Joanne S.

doi:10.3354/meps10826

Cited by 20 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Despite these results, latitudinal patterns in skeletal composition suggest that there may be a more significant effect from temperature than from depth on aspects of the biomineralization process in bryozoans Taylor et al, 2009Taylor et al, , 2015. This assertion was not supported by more rigorous sampling of four species of Antarctic bryozoans that exhibited significant variability in the Mg-calcite skeletal content among sites and showed no significant correlation with temperature (Loxton et al, 2014). Therefore, selection may favor local adaptations in response to discrete environmental conditions among isolated populations of bryozoans over small spatial scales (Loxton et al, 2014).…”

Section: Mineralization Patterns Of Antarctic Bryozoansmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This assertion was not supported by more rigorous sampling of four species of Antarctic bryozoans that exhibited significant variability in the Mg-calcite skeletal content among sites and showed no significant correlation with temperature (Loxton et al, 2014). Therefore, selection may favor local adaptations in response to discrete environmental conditions among isolated populations of bryozoans over small spatial scales (Loxton et al, 2014). Local adaptive responses may be one reason why more significant correlations among calcite types and depth have not been found in the above studies.…”

Section: Mineralization Patterns Of Antarctic Bryozoansmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

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In some areas of the Antarctic shelf, bryozoans are abundant, acting as ecosystem engineers creating secondary structures with wide benthic coverage and harboring numerous other species. As the combined forces of global warming and ocean acidification threaten these habitats, we measured the composition of habitat-forming bryozoan communities using two techniques for imaging the sea floor, a YoYo-camera system and the AWI Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS). YoYo-camera transects of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen, and Ross Seas were conducted during a research cruise on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer in 2013. OFOS transects included sites in the northern Palmer Archipelago where it borders the Scotia Sea and the Weddell Sea as part of the DynAMO project during the PS81 and PS96 cruises of R/V Polarstern in 2013 and 2015-16, respectively. Areas of bryozoan colonies were measured from the sea floor images using machine-learning algorithms available through the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin developed for FIJI software. Habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the Palmer Archipelago and Ross Sea were largely composed of anascan flustrid species with finely mineralized skeletons, and to a lesser extent by other ascophoran lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph species having more robustly mineralized skeletons. Although habitat-forming bryozoan communities in the shallower (200 m) sites of the Weddell Sea also contained flustrid species, percent area and composition of flustrid bryozoans declined with increasing depth. Lepraliomorph and umbonulomorph bryozoan morphotypes were more abundant in the Weddell Sea, maintaining their relative percent area and increasing their percent composition between 200 − 400 m. Moreover, our analyses of species composition based on externally gathered datasets show similar trends among sites, depths, and degrees of colony mineralization to our seabed imaging study. Variation present in the bryozoan species compositions of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas suggest that these areas potentially represent divergent bryozoan communities requiring further validation via remote imaging surveys. Overall, compositional differences among Antarctic habitat-forming bryozoan communities are likely influenced by the combined effects of seasonal ice scour and carbonate chemistry, which in an increasingly acidified and warming ocean may put the communities of the eastern Weddell Sea at greater risk.

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Section: Mineralization Patterns Of Antarctic Bryozoansmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Mineralization Patterns Of Antarctic Bryozoansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

et al. 2018

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“…MgCO3 in calcite measurements in the bryozoan and serpulid polychaete species 308 studied here, from 0. [26,28,44]. Significant differences were found in the skeletal Mg-calcite 324 even between cheilostomes of the same suborder Flustrina, in B. erecta and E. 325 antarctica, although they belong to different families (Beaniidae and Ellisinidae, 326 respectively).…”

Section: Inter-and Intraspecific Variability In Skeletal Mg-calcite 303mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…329 Therefore, biological processes, also known as vital effects [49], seem to be the main 330 factors controlling the skeletal Mg-calcite in these organisms and, in the case of 331 bryozoans, at intra-and interspecific and intracolonial levels [50]. Other studies provide 332 corroborative evidence that the variation in the skeletal Mg-calcite in serpulid 333 polychaete species [51] and Antarctic bryozoans is partially biologically mediated 334 [26,28]. Experimental evidence for this is limited, but the Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora 397 truncata (Pallas, 1766), which has a wt% MgCO3 in calcite between 8 and 9.5, has been 398 shown to be vulnerable to ocean acidification at a pH of 7.66, with significant loss of 399 skeleton during a short-term experiment [60].…”

Section: Inter-and Intraspecific Variability In Skeletal Mg-calcite 303mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have 339 demonstrated that marine calcifiers such as bryozoans, coccoliths, foraminifera and sea 340 stars can respond differently to a range of environmental factors (e.g. water 341 temperature, alkalinity, salinity and Mg/Ca ratio of seawater)[14,26,27,[52][53][54]. The 342 observed values could reflect a relatively stable environment below ice with constant 343 low seawater temperatures as these bays are covered by fast sea-ice almost all the year.…”

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Spatio-temporal variation of skeletal Mg-calcite in Antarctic marine calcifiers in a global change scenario

Figuerola¹,

Gore

Johnstone

et al. 2018

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24 25 Human driven changes such as increases in oceanic CO2, global warming and pollution 26 may negatively affect the ability of marine calcifiers to build their skeletons/shells, 27 42 43 44 45 KEY WORDS: Skeletal chemistry· Magnesium calcite· Ocean acidification· Bryozoa· 46 Serpulids· Casey Station· Benthic communities 47 48 Increases in oceanic CO2, global warming (GW) and pollution will lead to 49 dramatic changes in global ocean chemistry, particularly the carbonate system, in the 50 near future. Some of the expected consequences of the increase in oceanic CO2 are a 51 reduction in seawater pH of 0.3-0.5 pH units by 2100 (ocean acidification; OA), a 52 decrease in the carbonate saturation state (Ω) [1] and metal speciation in seawater [2]. 53 In particular, polar regions are acidifying at a faster rate than elsewhere [3]. 54 Temperature increases will also affect the stability of CaCO3 [4], although the 55 combined effects of OA and GW remain poorly constrained. 56 These human driven changes might negatively affect the ability of marine 57 calcifiers to build their calcified skeletons/shells. Marine calcifiers produce a variety of 58 mineralogical forms (polymorphs) including aragonite, calcite and calcite minerals 59 containing a range of magnesium (Mg) content. Organisms with high-Mg calcite 60structures are predicted to be more vulnerable to OA as the solubility of calcite increases 61 with its Mg-calcite content [5]. The Mg-calcite in echinoderm skeletons, for example, 62 is expected to increase with GW [6], although this increase may be limited and 63 solubility may not increase dramatically at higher ocean temperatures. Organisms at 64 high latitudes may also be more susceptible to contamination (e.g. trace metals and 65 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)) compared to other regions due to their slower 66 metabolism, growth and larval development and consequent slower detoxification 67 processes, and slower colonisation rates [5,[7][8][9][10]. Synergistic effects of anthropogenic 68 driven environmental change could mean a significant degradation or even loss of 69 calcareous reef habitats and sediment deposits used as shelter, substrate and food for 70 many benthic communities [5,11,12]. 71

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Bryozoan Paleobiology

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Variability of Mg-calcite in Antarctic bryozoan skeletons across spatial scales

Cited by 20 publications

References 59 publications

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

Compositional Differences in the Habitat-Forming Bryozoan Communities of the Antarctic Shelf

Spatio-temporal variation of skeletal Mg-calcite in Antarctic marine calcifiers in a global change scenario

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