Variability of performance during a 60-min running race

Chryssanthopοulos, Costas; Ziaras, Christos; Zacharogiannis, Elias; Travlos, Antonios K.; Paradisis, Giorgos; Lambropoulos, Ioannis; Tsolakis, Charilaos; Zeglis, Fotios; Maridaki, Μaria

doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1026379

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…On average, the IMW warm-up resulted in a ;21-second (2.8%) improvement in 3,200-m performance compared with CON. The effect is similar to those in comparable studies using a variety of performance tests (25,27,36,40), and greater than the smallest worthwhile change in performance athletes show between competitions, which is about half the typical variation athletes show between competitions (;0.8%) (9,13,17). Previous studies have shown that an IMW (36) can improve intermittent run to exhaustion performance (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test) in trained individuals by 19.5 6 12.6%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up Improves 3,200-m Running Performance in Distance Runners

Barnes¹,

Ludge²

2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Barnes, KR and Ludge, AR. Inspiratory muscle warm-up improves 3,200-m running performance in distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1739–1747, 2021—This study examined the effects of an inspiratory muscle exercise as part of a warm-up (IMW) using a resisted breathing trainer on running performance. In a randomized crossover design, 17 trained distance runners completed two 3,200-m performance trials on separate days, preceded by 2 different warm-up procedures: IMW or sham IMW (CON). In each condition, subjects performed 30 breaths against either 50% of each athlete's peak strength (IMW) or 30 slow protracted breaths against negligible resistance (CON). Perceived race readiness and inspiratory muscle strength, flow, power, and volume were measured before and after each warm-up. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and dyspnea (RPD), and expired gases were collected during each trial. A 3,200-m run performance was 2.8% ± 1.5% (20.4-second) faster after IMW (effect size [ES] = 0.37, p = 0.02). After each warm-up condition, there was as small effect on peak inspiratory strength (6.6 ± 4.8%, ES = 0.22, p = 0.02), flow (5.2 ± 4.4%, ES = 0.20, p = 0.03), power (17.6 ± 16.7%, ES = 0.22, p = 0.04), and volume (6.7 ± 6.3%, ES = 0.24, p = 0.01) after IMW compared with CON. There were no differences in HR, minute volume, peak V̇o 2, or V̇o 2 at each 800-m interval between conditions (ES ≤ 0.13, p > 0.17). There were small differences in RPE at 800 m and 1,600 m (ES = 0.32, p = 0.17; ES = 0.21, p = 0.38, respectively), but no difference at the last 1,600 m (p = 1.0). There was a moderate positive effect on RPD (ES = 0.81, p < 0.001) and race readiness (ES = 0.76, p < 0.01) after IMW. Overall, the data suggest that IMW improves 3,200-m performance because of enhancements in inspiratory muscle function characteristics and reduction in dyspnea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up Improves 3,200-m Running Performance in Distance Runners

Barnes¹,

Ludge²

2021

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Specific to the focus of this paper, performance variability in athletics has received some research focus, primarily looking at intra-subject variability of 5 km time-trial running, 25 variability of performance between laboratory conditions and those simulating a real competitive event, 26 and within-athlete variation in performance. 27,28 Featuring prominently is the work of Hopkins and colleagues 27–30 and the concept of the smallest worthwhile change (SWC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning for optimal performance – What happens before the taper?

Johns

Philipson

Hayes

2019

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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This study analysed the contemporary performance data of middle-distance athletes to determine (a) the number of competitive performances prior to the season’s fastest performance and (b) the time frame between their first and fastest competitive performances of that season. Using a publicly available database, data on the number of races and days between athletes first and fastest races were extracted. The analysis utilised 4800 observations from 1166 individual athletes for the period 2006–2017. Male 800 m athletes achieved their fastest performance in eight races (IQR = 4–12) distributed over 55 days (IQR = 29–87). Female 800 m athletes also required eight races (IQR = 5–12), distributed over 63 days (IQR = 34–91). In the 1500 m event, male athletes, required six races (IQR = 3–9) over 48 days (IQR = 25–76), while female athletes, required seven races (IQR = 4–10) over 56 days (IQR = 28–84). For both sexes, 1500 m athletes raced less and over a shorter period than 800 m athletes before reaching their fastest performance. Female athletes had a longer time frame and number of races than male athletes. This study provides an evidence-based indicator of when a middle-distance runner’s fastest performance is likely to occur, providing benchmarks that could act as a guide for coaches when designing competition programmes, prior to any tapering process.

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Carbohydrate mouth rinse does not affect performance during a 60-min running race in women

Chryssanthopοulos

Ziaras

Oosthuyse

et al. 2017

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on endurance running performance in women. Fifteen female recreational endurance runners, who used no oral contraceptives, ran two races of 1-h duration on an indoor track (216-m length) at 18:00 h after an 8-h fast with a 7-days interval between races, corresponding to the 3-10th day of each premenopausal runner's menstrual cycle, or any day for the postmenopausal runners. In a double-blind random order, participants rinsed their mouth with 25 ml of either a 6.4% carbohydrate (RCHO) or a placebo solution (RP). No fluid was ingested during exercise. Serum 17β-Εstradiol (P = 0.59) and Progesterone (P = 0.35) did not differ between treatments. There was no difference in 1-hour running performance (RCHO: 10,621.88 ± 205.98 m vs. RP: 10,454.00 ± 206.64 m; t = 1.784, P = 0.096). Furthermore, the mean percentage effect (±99%CI) of RCHO relative to RP, 1.67% (-1.1% to 4.4%), and Cohen's effect size (d = 0.21) support a trivial outcome of RCHO for total distance covered. In conclusion, carbohydrate mouth rinsing did not improve 60-min track running performance in female recreational runners competing in a low ovarian hormone condition, after an 8-h fast and when no fluid was ingested during exercise.

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Variability of performance during a 60-min running race

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up Improves 3,200-m Running Performance in Distance Runners

Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up Improves 3,200-m Running Performance in Distance Runners

Planning for optimal performance – What happens before the taper?

Carbohydrate mouth rinse does not affect performance during a 60-min running race in women

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