2010
DOI: 10.1177/0143624410363064
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Variability of sprinkler response time index and conduction factor using the plunge test

Abstract: In order to predict sprinkler activation time, the response time index (RTI) and the conduction factor (C factor) may be required. This paper describes the use of a wind tunnel to determine both quantities for different types of sprinklers and to identify appropriate distributions for RTI values that could be used as part of an activation modelling sensitivity analysis. Sprinklers were tested with their yoke arms perpendicular and the parallel to the airflow, which gave the lowest and highest RTI, respectively… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…For a capped fire, shown in Figure 8, all sprinkler heads are actuated in the simulations and therefore includes the missing actuations not determined in the uncapped simulations. However, it can be seen that in cases of a corner fire with the door closed (Experiments [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], the model is less accurate in its prediction, where in some cases it overpredicts the actuation time by as much as 108 s.…”
Section: Modelling Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For a capped fire, shown in Figure 8, all sprinkler heads are actuated in the simulations and therefore includes the missing actuations not determined in the uncapped simulations. However, it can be seen that in cases of a corner fire with the door closed (Experiments [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], the model is less accurate in its prediction, where in some cases it overpredicts the actuation time by as much as 108 s.…”
Section: Modelling Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sprinkler offset below the ceiling has been selected based on an approximate 20 mm glass bulb length and a C-factor of 0.4 (m/s) ½ selected based on sensitivity analyses undertaken in the original studies and the subsequent work of Tsui and colleagues. 17,18 Additional sensitivity analyses for the C-factor have been undertaken using FDS and are discussed later. Table 2 shows a summary of the results of the experiments, indicating the fire location, experiment number, sprinkler head type for each sprinkler, as well as the recorded sprinkler actuation time.…”
Section: Sprinkler Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sprinklers are assumed to have a nominal operating temperature of 68°C. 7 For the C factor of residential heads, Tsui and Spearpoint 17 identified a range of 0.33 to 0.45 m ½ s −½ . Therefore, a value of 0.4 m ½ s −½ has been adopted, consistent with prior sprinkler modelling studies by Hopkin et al.…”
Section: Modelling Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sprinklers used for the experimental data were also used in a study to characterise the uncertainty in the response time index (RTI) and conduction (C) sprinkler parameters [24]. The sprinkler parameter study used the plunge test method under a range of wind tunnel temperature and velocity conditions in both parallel and perpendicular flow orientations.…”
Section: Sprinkler Parametersmentioning
confidence: 99%